The Effect of Calcium on Microbial Aggregation during UASB Reactor Start-Up

Mahoney, Eileen M.; Varangu, L.K.; Cairns, W.L.; Kosaric, N.; Murray, Rowena

doi:10.2166/wst.1987.0206

Cited by 162 publications

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“…Numerous examples exist of granules developed on a volatile acid mixture (acetic, propionic, and butyric) successfully being used to treat a wide variety of industrial wastewaters, including, potato starch, citric acid, sugar refinery, and meat processing [29,78,83,133]. [1,33,43, 44,46,67,92,103,106,160]. …”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Wirtz¹,

Dague²

1996

Water Environment Research

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This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI fihns the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be fi-om any type of computer printer.The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction.In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book.Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Table 2. Proton-reducing reactions by the acetogenic bacteria [14,27,143,168]. 23 Table 3. The methanogenic bacteria [12], 26 Table 4. Methanogenic substrates [12]. 27 Table 5. Important reactions by the methanogens [12,168]. 27 Table 6. Effects of alkali and alkaline-earth metals on anaerobic digestion [95]. 52 Table 7. Bacterial counts in granules from UASB reactors [31,33]. 91 Table 8. General composition of granules [31]. 96 Table 9. Granule chemical composition [32,33], 96 Table 10. Specific methanogenic activity of various biomass [32,87]. 99 Table 11. Substrates suitable for granule formation. 105 Table 12. Solubility products of metal salts [98]. 111 Table 13. Sucrose feed mixture. 126 Table 14. Beef extract and glucose feed mixture. 127 Table 15. Composition of the beef extract soup base. 128 Table 16. Nutrient (NPK) solution. 128 Table 17. Trace metal solution. 129 Table 18. Ames municipal water analysis. 131 Table 19. ASBR cycle time for 48 and 24-hr HRTs. 133 viii Table 20. Attachment matrices utilized for granulation enhancement. 138 Table 21. Polymer characteristics. 139 Table 22. Coagulants utilized for granulation enhancement. 139 Table 23. Operational parameters routinely tested. 141 Table 24. Reagents used in the COD test. 144 Table 25. Gas chromatography analysis setup. 158 Table 26. Elemental analysis of granules. 165 Table 27. Start-up and granulation summary. 232 Table 28. Summary of specific methanogenic activity experiments. 238 Table 29. Chemical composition of granular and initial seed biomass. 255 Table 30. COD data for the sucrose control test. 286 Table 31. Biogas data for the sucrose control test. 287 Table 32. Volatile acids data for the sucrose control test. 291 Ta...

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Wirtz¹,

Dague²

1996

Water Environment Research

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“…Lyngstad [23] found an increase in N mineralisation over a 3-year period as a result of adding CaCO 3 lime, whilst Mühlbachová and Tlustoš [24] found that although soil microbial activity initially decreased after application of CaO compared to CaCO 3 in the first days of incubation, CaO ultimately caused rapid mineralisation of the organic matter compared to CaCO 3 . Alternatively, the difference in the mineralisation of N between these two products may be due to water soluble Ca 2+ from LAB stimulating microbial aggregation within the soil matrix soon after incorporation, subsequently accelerating decomposition and mineralisation of N. Mahoney et al [25] found evidence of microbial aggregation when lime was added to an anaerobic sludge digester. Unfortunately, changes in soil pH in response to added treatments were not measured due to the limited volume of soil used in the incubation.…”

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confidence: 99%

N Mineralisation from Bioresources Incubated at 12.5°C

Ives

Sparrow

Cotching

et al. 2015

Applied and Environmental Soil Science

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Soils treated with lime-amended biosolids (LAB), poppy seed waste (PSW), anaerobically digested biosolids (ADB) and poppy mulch (PM) and incubated at 12.5 ∘ C for 56 days released 45%, 36%, 25%, and −8%, respectively, of total applied N as plant available nitrogen (PAN) by the end of the incubation. The mineralisation rates were contrary to expectations based on the C : N ratios of the four products: LAB (5 : 1), PSW (7 : 1), ADB (3 : 1), and PM (16 : 1). PM showed a significant negative priming effect over the incubation period. These results have implications for production agriculture in temperate regions where application and incorporation of bio-resources traditionally occurs in autumn and spring when soil and air temperatures are relatively low. Current application times may not be suitable for nitrogen release to satisfy crop demand.

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“…The positive, divalent and trivalent ions, such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ could bind to negatively charged cells to form microbial nuclei (Mahoney et al, 1987). Jiang et al (2003) revealed that the addition of Ca 2+ ions accelerated aerobic granulation.…”

Section: Feed Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology advances

1998

Biotechnology Advances

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Aerobic granulation, a novel environmental biotechnological process, was increasingly drawing interest of researchers engaging in work in the area of biological wastewater treatment. Developed about one decade ago, it was exciting research work that explored beyond the limits of aerobic wastewater treatment such as treatment of high strength organic wastewaters, bioremediation of toxic aromatic pollutants including phenol, toluene, pyridine and textile dyes, removal of nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate and nuclear waste and adsorption of heavy metals. Despite this intensive research the mechanisms responsible for aerobic granulation and the strategy to expedite the formation of granular sludge, and effects of different operational and environmental factors have not yet been clearly described. This paper provides an up-to-date review on recent research development in aerobic biogranulation technology and applications in treating toxic industrial and municipal wastewaters. Factors affecting granulation, granule characterization, granulation hypotheses, effects of different operational parameters on aerobic granulation, response of aerobic granules to different environmental conditions, their applications in bioremediations, and possible future trends were delineated. The review attempts to shed light on the fundamental understanding in aerobic granulation by newly employed confocal laser scanning microscopic techniques and microscopic observations of granules.

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The Effect of Calcium on Microbial Aggregation during UASB Reactor Start-Up

Cited by 162 publications

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Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

Enhancement of granulation and start‐up in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor

N Mineralisation from Bioresources Incubated at 12.5°C

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