The effect of cannabichromene on mean blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate responses to tetrahydrocannabinol in the anesthetized rat

O'Neil, Jeff; Dalton, William S.; Forney, Robert B.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(79)90250-3

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…CBC is a phytocannabinoid present at lower concentration in Cannabis sativa, and is a CB2 receptor and TRP subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) agonist (Romano et al 2013;Udoh et al 2019), with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and anti-bacterial activity (Russo 2011). In rat, CBC appears to have potential for hypotensive effect with additional reduction in respiratory rate and a potentiation of the reduced heart rate seen with THC administration (O'Neil et al 1979). However, these findings need further evaluation in animal models and humans.…”

Section: Cannabichromene (Cbc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Cannabinoids and their Role in Modulation of Cardiovascular Health

Azari

Kerrigan

O’Connor

2020

Journal of Dietary Supplements

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In recent years, the role of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in various cardiovascular conditions has been a subject of great interest. The ECS is composed of cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, also known as endocannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids. Several lines of evidence suggest that the ECS plays a complex role in cardiac and vascular systems; however, under normal physiological conditions the functions of the ECS are limited. Overactivation of components of the ECS has been associated with various cardiovascular conditions. Intriguingly, activation of the ECS may also reflect a cardioprotective compensatory mechanism. With this knowledge, a range of naturally occurring and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists, as well as inhibitors of endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes have emerged as promising approaches for the treatment or management of cardiovascular health. This review will first focus on the known role of the ECS in regulating the cardiovascular system. Secondly, we discuss emerging data highlighting the therapeutic potential of naturally occurring non-psychoactive ECS modulators within the cardiovascular system, including phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and the endocannabinoid-like molecule palmitoylethanolamide.

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Section: Cannabichromene (Cbc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally Occurring Cannabinoids and their Role in Modulation of Cardiovascular Health

Azari

Kerrigan

O’Connor

2020

Journal of Dietary Supplements

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“…It also was found to prolong hexabarbital-induced hypnosis (Hatoum et al , 1981). In addition, it potentiated bradycardia caused by THC, though it did not induce bradycardia on its own (O'Neil et al , 1979). CBC was reported to induce sedation and ataxia in canines (Gaoni et al , 1966); however, subsequent studies failed to replicate these effects (Gaoni et al ., 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological evaluation of the natural constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabichromene and its modulation by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol☆

DeLong

Wolf

Poklis

et al. 2010

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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In contrast to the numerous reports on the pharmacological effects of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the pharmacological activity of another substituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabichromene (CBC) remains comparatively unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether CBC elicits cannabinoid activity in the tetrad assay, which consists of the following four endpoints: hypomotility, antinociception, catalepsy, and hypothermia. Because cannabinoids are well documented to possess anti-inflammatory properties, we examined CBC, THC, and combination of both phytocannabinoids in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) paw edema assay. CBC elicited activity in the tetrad that was not blocked by the CB 1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant. Moreover, a behaviorally inactive dose of THC augmented the effects of CBC in the tetrad that was associated with an increase in THC brain concentrations. Both CBC and THC elicited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects in the LPSinduced paw edema model. The CB 2 receptor, SR144528 blocked the anti-edematous actions of THC, but not those produced by CBC. Isobolographic analysis revealed that the anti-edematous effects of these cannabinoids in combination were additive. Although CBC produced pharmacological effects, unlike THC, its underlying mechanism of action did not involve CB 1 or CB 2 receptors. In addition, there was evidence of a possible pharmacokinetic component in which CBC dose-dependently increased THC brain levels following an i.v. injection of 0.3 mg/kg THC. In conclusion, CBC produced a subset of behavioral activity in the tetrad assay and reduced LPS- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Aron H. Lichtman. Tel: (804) 828-8480; Fax (804) 828-2117; alichtma@vcu.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.Contributors G.T. DeLong conducted the bulk of the studies, analysis of data, and writing of the manuscript. C.E. Wolf contributed to the laboratory procedures for analytical studies. A. Poklis contributed to the design of the analytical studies. A.H. Lichtman oversaw the study, along with contributing to the writing of the manuscript. Conflict of InterestNone of the authors report a conflict of interest that could have influenced, or be perceived to influence, this work. NIH Public Access NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript induced paw edema through a noncannabinoid receptor mechanism of action. These effects were augmented when CBC and THC were co-administered.

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“…It was still uncertain whether the described effect was triggered by the compounds themselves or by one of their metabolites. 111 The mentioned results were published in 1979, and nowadays, Δ 9 -THC has a well-established opposing effect. Multiple studies confirmed the increased heart rate after Δ 9 -THC administration, which was homogeneous irrespective of routes of administration – oral, intravenous, or inhaled.…”

Section: Pcbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do phytocannabinoids affect cardiovascular health? An update on the most common cardiovascular diseases

Dziemitko

Harasim-Symbor

Chabowski

2023

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes millions of deaths worldwide each year. Despite the great progress in therapies available for patients with CVD, some limitations, including drug complications, still exist. Hence, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) was proposed as a new avenue for CVDs treatment. The ECS components are widely distributed through the body, including the heart and blood vessels, thus the action of its endogenous and exogenous ligands, in particular, phytocannabinoids play a key role in various pathological states. The cardiovascular action of cannabinoids is complex as they affect vasculature and myocardium directly via specific receptors and exert indirect effects through the central and peripheral nervous system. The growing interest in phytocannabinoid studies, however, has extended the knowledge about their molecular targets as well as therapeutical properties; nonetheless, some areas of their actions are not yet fully recognized. Researchers have reported various cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol, as a promising approach to CVDs; hence, the purpose of this review is to summarize and update the cardiovascular actions of the most potent phytocannabinoids and the potential therapeutic role of ECS in CVDs, including ischemic reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, heart failure as well as hypertension.

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The effect of cannabichromene on mean blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate responses to tetrahydrocannabinol in the anesthetized rat

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Naturally Occurring Cannabinoids and their Role in Modulation of Cardiovascular Health

Naturally Occurring Cannabinoids and their Role in Modulation of Cardiovascular Health

Pharmacological evaluation of the natural constituent of Cannabis sativa, cannabichromene and its modulation by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol☆

How do phytocannabinoids affect cardiovascular health? An update on the most common cardiovascular diseases

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