The effect of carbon dioxide on growth and metabolism in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Stiller, Kevin Torben; Vanselow, K.; Moran, Damian; Bojens, Gero; Voigt, Wolfgang; Meyer, Stefan; Schulz, Carsten

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.04.001

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The majority of these studies addressed the effect of low pH in the context of acidification of freshwater ecosystems, where other variables resulting from a low‐pH environment, such as ammonium (NH 4 ‐N) (Eshchar et al., ) and aluminium (Brown et al., ; Fivelstad et al., ) toxicity likely affected fish performance. Likewise, in seawater acidification studies, the conversion of carbonates to carbon dioxide may result in high dissolved carbon dioxide environments and thus a factor contributing to reduced fish performance in low‐pH environments (Abbink et al., ; Stiller et al., ). Moreover, the rate of acidification and the absence of additional stressors seems to be an important factor driving the capacity to withstand long‐term exposure to low environmental pH, as shown for Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) (van Ginneken et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the rate of acidification and the absence of additional stressors seems to be an important factor driving the capacity to withstand long‐term exposure to low environmental pH, as shown for Mozambique tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus ) (van Ginneken et al., ). In the current study, several measures were taken to avoid confounding factors: (a) water pH took approximately one week to decrease from the control level (7.5) to the low‐pH treatment level (5.7); (b) despite dissolved carbon dioxide was not measured, it was likely within optimal levels for turbot (<26 mg/L) (Stiller et al., ) due to the low fish densities (max. = 53 kg/m 3 ), low hydraulic retention time in fish tanks (<40 min), and high efficiency of trickling filters in degassing carbon dioxide (Eding et al., ); and iii) low NH 4 ‐N in Experiment 2 by introducing a loop with a submerged biofilter to remove TAN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This growth reduction was also observed in RAS for other fish species, such as Nile tilapia (Mota, Limbu, Martins, Eding & Verreth, ) and European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ) (Deviller et al., ). Although several factors can affect fish growth, such as food availability, nutrition and social interactions, the environmental conditions in the culture system are a particularly relevant factor in RAS due to the build‐up of substances such as ammonia (Eding, Kamstra, Verreth, Huisman & Klapwijk, ), nitrate (Davidson, Good, Williams & Summerfelt, ), carbon dioxide (Stiller et al., ) and hormones (Mota, Martins, Eding, Canário & Verreth, ) as a consequence of water reuse (Colt, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of low pH on physiology, stress status and growth performance of turbot (Psetta maximaL.) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

et al. 2018

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We evaluated the effect of low pH and low and high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations on the physiology, stress status and the growth performance of turbot in RAS. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, turbot (466 g) were grown at control (pH 7.5; TAN~0.5 mg/L) or low pH and high TAN (pH 5.7; TAÑ 50 mg/L) for 55 days. In Experiment 2, turbot (376 g) were grown at control (pH 7.5; TAN~0.5 mg/L), low pH and low TAN (pH 5.7; TAN~5 mg/L) or low pH and high TAN (pH 5.7; TAN~50 mg/L) for 59 days. In Experiment 1, final body weight, feed intake and growth were significantly lower and FCR significantly higher in turbot exposed to low pH and high TAN. In Experiment 2, only growth was significantly lower in turbot exposed to treatment low pH and high TAN as compared to fish in the control treatment and low pH and low TAN. Osmoregulation and stress indicators measured were within normal levels. In conclusion, turbot grew equally well in a water pH of 7.5 or 5.7 provided a low TAN. In contrast, low pH combined with a high TAN impaired turbot performance. K E Y W O R D Saquaculture, fish, NH 4 -N, nitrification, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) | INTRODUCTIONFish production in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) has been gaining momentum with an increasing number of recently built facilities producing various species, ranging from cold seawater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to warm freshwater Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (Dalsgaard et al., 2013;Liu et al., 2016;Martins et al., 2010). Turbot (Psetta maxima) production has also significantly increased during the last decade, with several RAS currently in operation (Dalsgaard et al., 2013;Mota, Martins, Eding, Canário & Verreth, 2014;Person-Le Ruyet, 2002). However, turbot production in RAS still needs further improvement; the growth performance usually observed in RAS during the on-growing phase is lower than the potential growth recorded in flowthrough systems (Person-Le Ruyet, 2002). This growth reduction was also observed in RAS for other fish species, such as Nile tilapia (Mota, Limbu, Martins, Eding & Verreth, 2015) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Deviller et al., 2005). Although several factors can affect fish growth, such as food availability, nutrition and social interactions, the environmental conditions in the culture system are a particularly relevant factor in RAS due to the build-up of substances such as ammonia (Eding, Kamstra, Verreth, When enough acclimation time is provided, the mentioned negative effects seem to be mitigated, Nagae et al. (2001) and van Ginneken, Van Eersel, Balm, Nieveen and Van Den Thillart (1997) show no effect, and D'Cruz, Dockray, and Dockray, Reid and Wood (1996) show even a positive effect on feed intake and growth.However, little is known about the effects of producing marine species with low pH conditions due to the high buffering capacity of seawater. For instance, Allan and Maguire (1992) found an acceptable growth (<5% growth reduction) of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) wi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effect of low pH on physiology, stress status and growth performance of turbot (Psetta maximaL.) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

et al. 2018

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“…The oxygen consumption rate of aerial breathers can also be used to measure metabolic rate over time (Refinetti 2003), as can the rate of carbon dioxide excretion (Krauchi and Wirz-Justice 1994), and by comparing the two values it is possible to approximate the proportion of metabolism powered by carbohydrate versus fat catabolism (Gnaiger 1983). While it is extremely difficult to quantify the carbon dioxide excretion rate of aquatic animals accurately, instantaneous nitrogen excretion is relatively easy to measure, and when combined with oxygen consumption rates allows for the calculation of protein catabolism rates over time (Stiller et al 2015). Quantifying the time-resolved metabolic rates of animals in the field is effectively impossible with current technology, although accelerometry is an increasingly popular proxy method for measuring energy expenditure of animals in their natural environment (Cooke et al 2004; Payne et al 2014).…”

Section: Methods To Study Circadian Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in a dark biosphere: a review of circadian physiology in “arrhythmic” environments

2016

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Most of the life with which humans interact is exposed to highly rhythmic and extremely predictable changes in illumination that occur with the daily events of sunrise and sunset. However, while the influence of the sun feels omnipotent to surface dwellers such as ourselves, life on earth is dominated, in terms of biomass, by organisms isolated from the direct effects of the sun. A limited understanding of what life is like away from the sun can be inferred from our knowledge of physiology and ecology in the light biosphere, but a full understanding can only be gained by studying animals from the dark biosphere, both in the laboratory and in their natural habitats. One of the least understood aspects of life in the dark biosphere is the rhythmicity of physiology and what it means to live in an environment of low or no rhythmicity. Here we describe methods that may be used to understand rhythmic physiology in the dark and summarise some of the studies of rhythmic physiology in “arrhythmic” environments, such as the poles, deep sea and caves. We review what can be understood about the adaptive value of rhythmic physiology on the Earth’s surface from studies of animals from arrhythmic environments and what role a circadian clock may play in the dark.

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“…The degree of protein utilisation for energy metabolism was estimated using the ammonia quotient (AQ) (33) :…”

Section: Metabolic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of diet, temperature and intermittent low oxygen on the metabolism of rainbow trout

et al. 2017

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An automated respirometer system was used to measure VO2, protein catabolism as ammonia quotient and the energy budget to evaluate whether the crude protein content of a standard protein (SP) diet (42·5 %) or a high-protein (HP) diet (49·5 %) influences metabolism in rainbow trout under challenging intermittent, low dissolved oxygen concentrations. In total, three temperature phases (12, 16, 20°C) were tested sequentially, each of which were split into two oxygen periods with 5 d of unmanipulated oxygen levels (50-70 %), followed by a 5d manipulated oxygen period (16.00-08.00 hours) with low oxygen (40-50 %) levels. For both diets, catabolic protein usage was lowest at 16°C and was not altered under challenging oxygen conditions. Low night-time oxygen elevated mean daily VO2 by 3-14 % compared with the unmanipulated oxygen period for both diets at all temperatures. The relative change in VO2 and retained energy during the intermittent low oxygen period was smaller for the HP diet compared with the SP diet. However, in absolute terms, the SP diet was superior to the HP diet as the former demonstrated 30-40 % lower protein fuel use rates, higher retained energy (1-4 % digestible energy) and slightly lowered VO2 (0-8 %) over the range of conditions tested. The decrease in retained energy under low oxygen conditions suggests that there is scope to improve the performance of SP diets under challenging conditions; however, this study suggests that simply increasing the dietary protein content is not a remedy, and other strategies need to be explored.

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The effect of carbon dioxide on growth and metabolism in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

The effect of low pH on physiology, stress status and growth performance of turbot (Psetta maximaL.) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

The effect of low pH on physiology, stress status and growth performance of turbot (Psetta maximaL.) cultured in recirculating aquaculture systems

Life in a dark biosphere: a review of circadian physiology in “arrhythmic” environments

The effect of diet, temperature and intermittent low oxygen on the metabolism of rainbow trout

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