The effect of carbon fiber content on physico-mechanical properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites additively manufactured with fused filament fabrication

Katalagarianakis, Amalia; Voorde, Babs Van de; Pien, Nele; Polyzos, E.; Đuretek, Ivica; Holzer, Clemens; Cardon, Ludwig; Bernaerts, Katrien V.; Hemelrijck, Danny Van; Vlierberghe, Sandra Van; Pyl, Lincy

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2022.103246

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…There are obvious delaminations on the cross-section of 0 • , including long and narrow cracks between interlayers, whose length reached more than 100 µm, and the height exceeds 20 µm (Figure 9a,b). A similar phenomenon was reported in literature [31]. There are three possible causes for the defects.…”

Section: Failure Analysis Of Scf/n Samplesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The scanning track of each layer of the 100% SCF/N sample is illustrated in F The layers are arranged in alternate orientations, i.e., if the scanning track is laid Nth layer, then the orientation in the (N + 1)th layer is 135°, which is similar to [30 are obvious delaminations on the cross-section of 0°, including long and narrow between interlayers, whose length reached more than 100 µm, and the height exc um (Figure 9a,b). A similar phenomenon was reported in literature [31]. There a The scanning track of each layer of the 100% SCF/N sample is illustrated in Figure 8.…”

Section: Failure Analysis Of Scf/n Samplesupporting

confidence: 83%

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Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Nie,

Kong,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Sandwich structures are engineered with continuous layers surrounding the inner lattices, which combines the advantages of the high strength of the continuous layer and the light weight of the lattice layer. They are widely employed in weight-critical energy-absorbing engineering fields such as aerospace, automobile, and robotics. However, the application of sandwich structures made of polymer matrix composites is still limited due to lack of essential performance investigation and adequate reference data. The following innovative works are accomplished in this paper: (i) Continuous long glass fiber (CGF) is employed within the continuous layer of the sandwich structure, with composite short carbon fiber/polyamide (SCF/N) applied within the lattice layer. (ii) Sandwich structures with different cell types and orientations of the lattice infills are designed and prepared by additive manufacturing. (iii) The basic mechanical properties of the sandwich structures, i.e., the bi-directional tension/compression compound performance, failure modes and mechanisms in characteristic directions, are analyzed systematically. (iv) The effects of geometric features on the three-point bending properties of L-shaped sandwich structures are investigated and compared with those of pure SCF/N structures. The results show that the bending resistance per unit weight was up to 54.3% larger than that of pure SCF/N, while the weight could be decreased by 49%, and the bending flexibility before fracture could be increased by 44%. These studies contribute fundamental research data to the application of sandwich structures prepared by fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites.

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Section: Failure Analysis Of Scf/n Samplesupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Failure Analysis Of Scf/n Samplesupporting

confidence: 83%

Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Nie,

Kong,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…These results can be attributed to the strong coordination between the Eu 3+ and the carbonyl groups (OC) within the ester groups of PET, which leads to enhanced bonding between organic and inorganic components, improved compatibility and dispersibility of the additive within PET matrix. As a result, compact internal arrangement of polyester structure enabling resistance against external forces without stress concentration 49 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, compact internal arrangement of polyester structure enabling resistance against external forces without stress concentration. 49 Figure 6C,D show the injection molded sample and spun fiber doped with PET/ETP@Si-PEG-PET respectively. The luminous PET material finds applications in clothing industry, anti-counterfeiting measures, as well as automotive sector.…”

Section: Content (Wt%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon‐linked polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene terephthalate (PEG‐PET) nanostructures loaded with Eu³⁺‐complexes for hybrid luminescent PET materials

Peng,

Wang,

Dan

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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In this work, innovative hybrid poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials with strong luminescence were successfully synthesized by doping PET with silicon‐linked poly(ethylene glycol)‐PET copolymer nanostructures either with (Si‐PEG‐PET) or with (ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET) luminescent Eu3+‐complexes. The chemical properties and nanostructures of the hybrid materials were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. PET composites ranging from 0.25 to 4 wt% silicon additive were prepared by the melt blending method. The crystal properties, mechanical properties, and fluorescence properties of the composites were systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry, x‐ray diffractometry, tensile testing, and fluorescence spectrometry. When the addition of Si‐PEG‐PET or ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET was 0.75 wt%, the relative crystallinity and maximum tensile strength increase substantially. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of hybrid luminescent PET materials is the strongest at 0.75 wt% loading. ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET not only endows PET polyester with stronger fluorescence properties and mechanical properties but also acts as an effective nucleation additive for PET.Highlights Silicon‐linked poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PEG‐PET) nanostructures generate hybrid luminescent PET materials. ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET improves the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PET. The composite with 0.75% addition showed the best fluorescence performance. Three‐dimensional‐grid structure of ETP@Si‐PEG‐PET enhances the mechanical property of PET.

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“…Additionally, a single lap shear strength specimen was printed with raised build‐plate temperature to improve the tensile strength of CF/PA6 by eliminating voids and strengthening interlayer bonding. Katalagarianaki et al 98 employed melt extrusion to obtain fiber‐reinforced PET filaments utilizing recycled SCF and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Tensile modulus was improved by 323% and 155% with filament diameters of 1.75 mm and 2.85 mm, respectively, along with the addition of 40% fibers.…”

Section: Fused Deposition Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymeric composites using sheet lamination technique and fused deposition modeling: A review

Kumar,

Dixit,

Sreenivasa

2024

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nowadays, it is possible to produce products with complex geometries, thanks to the experts who have continuously explored the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. This review helps readers understand the opportunities and difficulties associated with developing parts for various industries, including aerospace, tooling, electronics, and biomedicine. The present work describes the landscape of polymeric composites using laminated object manufacturing (LOM) and fused deposition modeling (FDM). This paper discusses recent publications in the realm of AM related to composite fabrication, materials, techniques, functionality, and future scope. The effects of nanofiller reinforcement on the mechanical properties of composites have been thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, FDM process parameters such as layer thickness, infill speed, nozzle temperature, and raster angle have also been considered. Finally, the challenges and potential applications of LOM and FDM of additively manufactured composites have been summarized.

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The effect of carbon fiber content on physico-mechanical properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites additively manufactured with fused filament fabrication

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Silicon‐linked polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene terephthalate (PEG‐PET) nanostructures loaded with Eu³⁺‐complexes for hybrid luminescent PET materials

Mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymeric composites using sheet lamination technique and fused deposition modeling: A review

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The effect of carbon fiber content on physico-mechanical properties of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) composites additively manufactured with fused filament fabrication

Cited by 11 publications

References 62 publications

Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Mechanical Performance and Failure Analysis of a 3D-Printed “Continuous Layer–Lattice Layer–Continuous Layer” Sandwich Structure

Silicon‐linked polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene terephthalate (PEG‐PET) nanostructures loaded with Eu3+‐complexes for hybrid luminescent PET materials

Mechanical properties of additively manufactured polymeric composites using sheet lamination technique and fused deposition modeling: A review

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Product

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Silicon‐linked polyethylene glycol‐polyethylene terephthalate (PEG‐PET) nanostructures loaded with Eu³⁺‐complexes for hybrid luminescent PET materials