The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Slaughter and Processing of Fish

Effects of stunning/slaughtering methods in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from death until rigor mortis resolution

“…When these proteins bind to the CO, the animal dies due to lack of O 2 without feeling its deficiency, and this is the reason why this gas is not considered harmful to the animals (Concollato et al, 2015).…”

Effects of stunning methods on pre rigor changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at two different temperatures

“…Studies in Atlantic salmon (Bjørlykke et al 2011(Bjørlykke et al , 2013, tilapia (Mantilla et al 2008), and the early study of Concollato et al (2019) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) suggest that CO can be an excellent fish sedative that does not elicit any visible stress response. Indeed, as previously reviewed by Concollato et al (2015), CO binds with strong affinity to the haem group of haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) displacing oxygen and producing carboxy-haemoglobin (COHb) and carboxy-myoglobin (COMb), which cannot transport oxygen molecules. This strong binding (Kalin 1996) is the major cause of CO stunning effectiveness, thanks to the exclusion of Hb in the O 2 's transport.…”