The effect of carboxylesterase inhibition on interspecies differences in soman toxicity

Maxwell, Donald M.; Brecht, Karen M.; O'Neill, B L

doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90254-2

Cited by 177 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The samples were filtered over a SPE C 18 cartridge to remove any unreacted agent prior to treatment with KF. Values of reactivated agents from plasma and albumin, expressed in both ng/mL and pmol/mL from the 2 jtg/mL spiking level are presented in …”

Section: In Vitro Studies With Plasma and Albuminmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples

Adams¹,

Capacio²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information The fluoride reactivation process was evaluated for measuring the level of sarin or soman nerve agents reactivated from substrates in plasma and tissue from in vivo exposed guinea pigs (Cava porcellus), in blood from in vivo exposed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and in spiked human plasma and purified human albumin. Guinea pig exposures ranged from 0.05 to 44 LD5 0 , and reactivated nerve agent levels ranged from 1.0 ng/mL in plasma obtained from 0.05 LD 50 sarinexposed guinea pigs to an average of 147 ng/g in kidney tissue obtained from two 2.0 LD 50 soman-exposed guinea pigs. Positive dose-response relationships were observed in all low-level, 0.05 to 0.4 LD 50 , exposure studies. An average value of 2.4 ng/mL for reactivated soman was determined in plasma obtained from two rhesus monkeys three days after a 2 LD 50 exposure. Of the five types of guinea pig

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Section: In Vitro Studies With Plasma and Albuminmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples

Adams¹,

Capacio²,

Smith³

et al. 2004

Drug and Chemical Toxicology

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“…This shows that TPP had increased the susceptibility of fish LE to FNT. This finding is supported by three facts 1) LEs of both species was inhibited by FNT alone, 2) both species of fish contain TPP sensitive LEs (23), and 3) TPP is a known specific inhibitor of carboxyl esterase (Maxwell et al,1988) which is one of the LEs.…”

Section: Liver Esterase Activitymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…For example, Lauwerys and Morphy (1969) studied paraoxon binding by rat liver and plasma and concluded that phosphorylation of esterases was probably the primary means of reducing the paraoxon concentration in these preparations. Other studies similarly concluded that AliE (eserin insensitive Besterases) are an important alternate phosphorylation site for OPs and reduce the concentration inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) (Funnum and Sterri, 1981;Maxwell et al, 1988). Chambers et al (1990) investigated detoxification of the oxons of six phosphorothionate insecticides (methyl parathion, parathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, EPN and leptophos) in rats and arrived at a similar conclusion.…”

Section: Liver Esterase Activitymentioning

confidence: 84%

Acute toxicity and effect of fenitrothion on liver esterase of fish

Sorsa¹

2004

SEJS

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ABSTRACT:The acute toxicity of fenitrothion (FNT) alone and combined with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) or triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and their effect on liver esterase (LE) activity of Gambusia holbrooki, Pseudorasobora parva and Oncorhynchus mykiss was studied in aquaria for 96h. The results indicated that fenitrothion is moderately toxic to the three species of fish tested, the toxicity being highest to O. mykiss followed by P. parva and G. holbrooki. Both FNT concentrations and the exposure time on the activity of LE and FNT (two way ANOVA P<0.05) caused more inhibition in G. holbrooki than P. parva. Pretreating fish with either PBO or TPP changed the acute toxicity level and LE sensitivity compared with those exposed to FNT alone. The acute toxicity level and susceptibility of LE to FNT was found to be inversely related. With additional studies P. parva and G. holbrooki have the potential to be used as bioindicator, and LE as biochemical biomarker of environmental pollution by FNT and other related compounds.

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“…They efficiently catalyze the breakage of ester bonds or thioester bonds to free acids from endogenous or exogenous materials. 13,14 Xu et al 15,16 synthesized two PEG-lipid derivatives that linked via a single ester band so that PEG could be cleaved by esterase in plasma. The vesicles or liposomes modified by different PEG-lipid derivates (PEG-CHEMS or PEG-CHMC) could reduce or avoid occurrence of the ABC phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a novel pH-sensitive liposome with cleavable esterase-catalyzed and pH-responsive double smart mPEG lipid derivative on ABC phenomenon

Chen

Liu²,

Shen³

et al. 2011

IJN

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Background: The ABC phenomenon is described as a syndrome of accelerated clearance of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified liposomes from the bloodstream when repeatedly injected, with their increased accumulation in the liver and spleen. Methods: To clarify this immune response phenomenon, we evaluated a novel modified pH-sensitive liposome with a cleavable double smart PEG-lipid derivative (mPEG-Hz-CHEMS). Results: The ABC phenomenon in mice was brought about by repeated injection of conventional PEG-PE liposomes and was accompanied by a greatly increased uptake in the liver. However, a slight ABC phenomenon was brought about by repeated injection of mPEG-CHEMS liposomes and was accompanied by only a slightly increased uptake in the liver, and repeated injection of mPEG-Hz-CHEMS liposomes did not induce the ABC phenomenon and there was no increase in liver accumulation. This finding indicates that the cleavable mPEG-Hz-CHEMS derivative could lessen or eliminate the ABC phenomenon induced by repeated injection of PEGylated liposomes. Conclusion: This research has shed some light on a solution to the ABC phenomenon using a cleavable PEG-Hz-CHEMS derivative encapsulated in nanoparticles.

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The effect of carboxylesterase inhibition on interspecies differences in soman toxicity

Cited by 177 publications

References 8 publications

The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples

The Application of the Fluoride Reactivation Process to the Detection of Sarin and Soman Nerve Agent Exposures in Biological Samples

Acute toxicity and effect of fenitrothion on liver esterase of fish

Effects of a novel pH-sensitive liposome with cleavable esterase-catalyzed and pH-responsive double smart mPEG lipid derivative on ABC phenomenon

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