The effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation on physical strain tolerance - does gender really matter?

Deljanin-Ilić, Marina; Stojanović, Milovan; Ilić, Stevan

doi:10.2298/vsp190727146d

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…Physical activity as a cornerstone of CVR has a positive effect on CVD regardless of patients' reduced or preserved ejection fraction (8,29). Also, the beneficial effects of exercise-based CVR do not depend on gender or age structure (30,31). It increases physical strain tolerance (30) and arterial compliance (7), improves lipid profile (32,33), reduces the symptoms of depression (34)(35)(36) and leads to weight and blood pressure reduction (37,38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

Stojanović¹,

Deljanin-Ilić

Ilić³

et al. 2022

VOJNOSANIT PREGL

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Background / Aim. Well-organized cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) reduces cardiovascular burden by influencing cardiovascular risk factors, improving the quality of life and reducing mortality and hospital readmission. However, its effects on hemodynamic status are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of three-week CVR program on hemodynamic status and to investigate if there is a correlation between physical strain tolerance and hemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) before and after CVR program in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods. Fifty-two patients attended a three-week CVR program. At the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation program laboratory tests, exercise stress tests (EST) and ICG measurements were taken. Results. Patients showed better strain tolerance on the second exercise stress test (EST2) by achieving higher strain level (Z=2,315; p=0,021) and longer duration of test (Z=2,305; p=0,021). There was a strong positive correlation between the level of EST2 and cardiac output (CO) (r=0,538; p<0,001) and stroke volume (SV) (r=0,380; p=0,017) on the second ICG (ICG2). Also, there was a strong negative correlation between EST2 level and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (r=-0,472; p=0,002) and SVR index (SSVRI) (r=-0,407; p=0,010) on ICG2. There was a strong positive correlation between EST2 duration and CO (r=0.517; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SV (r=0.340; p=0.034), and a strong negative correlation between EST2 duration and SVR (r=-0.504; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SVRI (r=-0.448; p=0.004), according to ICG2. Conclusion. Our study showed that a well-designed CVR program can lead to better physical strain tolerance. Furthermore, CVR led to a significant positive correlation between EST and cardiac output as well as between EST and stroke volume measured by ICG. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between EST and vascular related parameters according to ICG at the end of the CVR program.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

Stojanović¹,

Deljanin-Ilić

Ilić³

et al. 2022

VOJNOSANIT PREGL

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Sex differences in the physiological responses to cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review

Bouakkar,

Pereira,

Johnston

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death in Canada. Many heart disease patients are referred for cardiac rehabilitation, a multidisciplinary outpatient program often consisting of exercise training. Cardiac rehabilitation has been proven to be a successful secondary preventative measure in reducing mortality and improving overall health in heart disease patients, and its completion is important for both sexes as there is growing evidence that women benefit as much as men, if not more, with regard to mortality. It is important to note that previous studies have shown that healthy men and women respond differently to aerobic and resistance training, possibly due to hormones, body composition, autonomic and/or cardiovascular differences. However, evaluating sex differences in the efficacy of standard cardiac rehabilitation programs has not yet been fully explored with many studies investigating clinical or anthropometric data but not physiological outcomes. This systematic review aimed to investigate physiological differences in male and female heart disease patients after cardiac rehabilitation. The inclusion criteria were purposefully broad to encompass many cardiac rehabilitation scenarios, many cardiac disease states, and various program lengths and intensities with the intention of highlighting strengths and weaknesses of the current body of literature. Methods To conduct a synthesis without meta-analysis, a search strategy was generated to examine the relationships between heart disease patients, a supervised exercise program, physiological outcomes, and sex differences. The review was registered (Prospero: CRD42021251614) and the following databases were searched from inception to 19 December 2023: APA PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), Embase (Ovid), Emcare Nursing (Ovid), Medline All (Ovid; includes PubMed non-Medline), and Web of Science Core Collection. Eighty-eight studies pertaining to fitness, metabolism, body composition, respiratory function, cardiac function and C-reactive protein underwent data extraction. Results and conclusions Importantly, this review suggests that men and women respond similarly to a wide-range of cardiac rehabilitation programs in most physiological variables. However, many studies discussing maximal oxygen consumption, functional capacity, six-minute walk distances, and grip strength suggest that men benefit more. Further research is required to address certain limitations, such as appropriate statistical methods and type/intensity of exercise interventions.

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Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease - do women benefit equally?

Stojanović¹,

Vukovic²,

Stanković³

et al. 2023

Srp Arh Celok Lek

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Introduction/Objective. This paper aimed to examine whether women and men benefit equally from comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in terms of quality of life (QOL), and exercise tolerance in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods. The study involved 1603 CAD patients, 1231 (76.8%) men and 372 (23.2%) women, who were referred to a three-week CR program. All patients were tested for physical strain at the beginning and at the end of CR. The quality of life was assessed at the beginning and at the end of CR by validated questionnaire Short-Form 36. Results. Improvements in physical strain tolerance were more pronounced in women compared to men (18.46% vs. 14.23% for level, and 19.1% vs. 16.34% for the duration of the test). Also, CR has led to the improvement of the QOL in both men and women. However, women had greater improvement than men in all parameters - physical functioning: 26.85% vs. 10.12%, limitations due to physical health: 76.39% vs. 28.11%, limitations due to emotional problems: 23.12% vs. 21.07%, energy/fatigue: 13.33% vs. 6.77%, emotional well-being: 11.19% vs. 6.77%, social functioning 14.48% vs. 4.96%, body pain 15.76% vs. 10.16%, general health 10.53% vs. 7.38%, and health change 24.06% vs. 12.69%. Conclusion. Women generally less participate in CR than men. Results indicated that CR improves exercise capacity and QOL in CAD patients, in both men and women. However, these positive changes were more pronounced in women. This is why CR needs improvement in the referral and participation of women.

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The effect of cardiovascular rehabilitation on physical strain tolerance - does gender really matter?

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

Sex differences in the physiological responses to cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review

Effects of cardiac rehabilitation on quality of life and exercise capacity in patients with coronary artery disease - do women benefit equally?

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