The effect of chlorhexidine on the anaerobic fermentation of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet

“…Bisbiguanides antiseptics have a very similar mechanism of action to the QAC biocides in that the biguanide groupings associate strongly with exposed anionic sites on the cell membrane and cell wall, particularly acidic phospholipids and proteins (Chawner and Gilbert 1989b,c). Binding to such sites is stronger than that of the QAC's and can causes displacement of wall and membrane associated divalent cations (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) (Davies 1973; Jensen 1975). A major difference between the bisbiguanides and QAC biocides is that the hydrophobic regions of the QAC biocides become solubilized within the hydrophobic core of the cell membrane whilst those of chlorhexidine do not.…”

The effect of disinfectants and antiseptics on co- and cross-selection of resistance to antibiotics in aquatic environments and wastewater treatment plants

“…Across the cell membrane the proton-motive force (PMF) enables active transport of specific molecules and sustain essential cellular processes (Le et al, 2021 ). Through disruption of the cell wall and membrane various DAs cause loss of structural integrity and leakage of cell components such as K + , nucleotides and amino acids (Hugo and Longworth, 1965 ; Jensen, 1975 ; Chawner and Gilbert, 1989b , a ).…”

“…Biguanides linking mechanism of action is the alteration of membrane permeability and the leakage of intracellular cell components (Hugo and Longworth, 1965 ; Jensen, 1975 ; Chawner and Gilbert, 1989b , a ). The hexamethylene chain in chlorhexidine is essential for its effectiveness.…”