The Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish Treatment on Salivary Mutans Streptococcal Levels in Child Orthodontic Patients

Sandham, H.J.; Nadeau, L.; Phillips, Helen

doi:10.1177/00220345920710010501

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…22,23 The number of oral bacteria can be reduced by brushing or by the additional use of fluoride, chlorhexidine, and antibiotics. [24][25][26] In addition, considerable effort has been made to produce antibacterial dental materials in oral environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances

Ryu

Bae

Lee³

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To develop a hard coating for stainless surfaces based on silver (Ag)-platinum (Pt) alloys. Materials and Methods: Ag-Pt alloys, which have high degree of biocompatibility, excellent resistance to sterilization conditions, and antibacterial properties to different bacteria, are associated with long-term antibacterial efficiency. Approximately 1.03-mm to 2.34-mm-thick coatings, as determined by scanning electron microscopy, were deposited on stainless surfaces by the simultaneous vaporization of both metals (Ag and Pt) in an inert argon atmosphere. The coating was done by physical vapor deposition. Microorganisms and eukaryotic culture cells were grown on these surfaces. Results: The coatings released sufficient Ag ions when immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and showed significant antimicrobial potency against Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains. At the same time, human gingival fibroblast cells were not adversely affected. Conclusion: Ag-Pt coatings on load-bearing orthodontic bracket surfaces can provide suitable antimicrobial activity during active orthodontic treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2012;82:151-157.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances

Ryu

Bae

Lee³

et al. 2011

The Angle Orthodontist

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“…Chlorzoin ® was developed to achieve sustained release and, therefore, a long-term effect whilst minimising the known side effects of chlorhexidine [Balanyk and Sandham, 1985]. Initial reports indicated that this was indeed the case [Sandham et al, 1992]. This paper reports a randomised clinical trial with a primary aim of assessing the efficacy of a two-stage chlorhexidine varnish preparation, Chlorzoin [Sandham et al, 1992], in reducing the caries increment of high-caries-risk adolescents in Tayside, Scotland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Caries– Preventive Efficacy of a Chlorhexidine–Containing Varnish in High–Caries–Risk Adolescents

et al. 2000

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A professionally applied two–stage chlorhexidine varnish, Chlorzoin^®, was developed to achieve sustained release and minimise the problems of staining and bad taste associated with chlorhexidine mouthrinses. The primary aim of this randomised controlled clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of Chlorzoin in reducing the caries increment in high–caries–risk adolescents. Secondary aims included investigating the effect of compliance upon caries increment, the effect of Chlorzoin upon salivary mutans streptococci levels and assessing the benefit of individual dental health advice by dental auxiliaries in a community setting. 1,240 children, initially aged 11–13 years, assessed to be at high caries risk were recruited into the trial. The trial design involved four arms: an observational group, a control group, an active (Chlorzoin) varnish group and a placebo varnish group. All subjects were examined annually by a calibrated examiner who was blind to the group allocation. Three–year caries increments were calculated using clinical, clinical and fibre–optic transillumination, and clinical and bitewing data sets. The results indicated that the use of Chlorzoin had an initial effect on mutans streptococci levels but that no long–term reduction in caries increment or mutans streptococci infection could be detected. One reason for this lack of efficacy may have been the regimen of reduced frequency of varnish applications after the initial period. Children who followed the protocol and, therefore, were seen regularly by dental auxiliaries had a lower caries increment than those who did not. This finding was independent of varnish allocation. In summary, under this regimen, Chlorzoin has been found to be effective in decreasing salivary mutans streptococci but ineffective as a caries–preventive agent in high–risk Scottish children when applied pragmatically in a community setting.

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“…It is known that the suppression of MS increases after repeated application of chlorhexidine varnish [Schaeken et al, 1989Petersson et al, 1991;Sandham et al, 1991;Ie and Schaeken, 1993;Twetman and Petersson, 1997]. Though, Sandham et al [1988Sandham et al [ , 1992 reported suppression of salivary MS from 1 to 6 weeks after a single application of 20% chlorhexidine varnish in all of the 27 treated patients. In the present study, a single application of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish (40%) on top of the full dental treatment was performed in 11 children of the caries group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of Dental Treatment and Single Application of a 40% Chlorhexidine Varnish on Mutans Streptococci in Young Children under Intravenous Anaesthesia

Maele¹,

Soet

Weerheijm³

et al. 2000

Caries Res

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Clinical studies suggest that application of a highly concentrated chlorhexidine varnish results in a decrease in the number of mutans streptococci and thereby a decrease in the caries risks. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dental treatment on the levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) and the additional effect of a single application of 40% chlorhexidine varnish (EC40) on the level of MS. Twenty–three children under the age of 5 years scheduled for full dental treatment were selected. Of these 23 children (mean dmf–s 27.1, SD 19.3), 11 children had nursing bottle caries. The mean sugar exposure was 6.4. Subjects were randomly distributed into two groups of approximately equal size. One group received an EC40 application after dental treatment, while the other group received only full dental treatment, both with intravenous anaesthesia with propofol as a single drug. An unstimulated saliva sample and a plaque sample were taken prior to dental treatment. The saliva and plaque sampling of the subjects was repeated after 6 weeks. MS and LB were isolated and counted. The number of children harbouring more than 10⁶ MS in a pooled plaque sample decreased significantly from 8 to 2 children 6 weeks after dental treatment. No additional effect of EC40 was found. The number of salivary MS did not change significantly between the groups or before and after treatment. The figures for LB remained at a high level of more than 10⁴/ml saliva before (21 children) and 6 weeks after treatment (17 children). The results of this study indicate that dental treatment results in a significant suppression of plaque MS, while a single application of EC40 showed no significant additional suppression after 6 weeks.

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The Effect of Chlorhexidine Varnish Treatment on Salivary Mutans Streptococcal Levels in Child Orthodontic Patients

Cited by 52 publications

References 8 publications

Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances

Antibacterial effect of silver-platinum coating for orthodontic appliances

A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Caries– Preventive Efficacy of a Chlorhexidine–Containing Varnish in High–Caries–Risk Adolescents

Effects of Dental Treatment and Single Application of a 40% Chlorhexidine Varnish on Mutans Streptococci in Young Children under Intravenous Anaesthesia

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