The effect of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation in wheat, triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

Holm, Preben Bach; Wang, Xingzhi

doi:10.1007/bf02907179

Cited by 86 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Chromosome pairing at prophase I of meiosis has, to date, been examined by synaptonemal complex analysis in two other allohexaploids, namely Triticurn aestivurn (Hobolth, 1981;Jenkins, 1983;Hoim, 1986;Holm & Wang, 1988) and Avena sativa (Jones et a!., 1989). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptonemal complex formation in two allohexaploid Festuca species and a pentaploid hybrid

Thomas

1993

Heredity

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Festuca arundinacea and Festuca gigantea are allohexaploids (2n =6x = 42), that have bivalent pairing at metaphase I of meiosis. Analysis of the synaptonemal complexes of these species and of a pentaploid hybrid between F. gigantea and tetraploid Lolium perenne showed that initial synapsis in the allohexaploids is mostly between homologous chromosomes though some multivalents are formed, but in the hybrid most of the chromosomes associate as multivalents. It is concluded that the mechanism controlling bivalent formation in these species acts mainly at zygotene by restricting pairing to homologous chromosomes, but also at pachytene preventing cross-overs in the small number of homoeologous associations that have occurred. In the hybrid, where pairing control is ineffective, the mechanism fails at both stages.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptonemal complex formation in two allohexaploid Festuca species and a pentaploid hybrid

Thomas

1993

Heredity

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“…A summary and discussion of the results obtained from this analysis as well as a general discussion of the effect of chromosome 5B are given in a separate paper (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation in hexaploid wheat, nullisomic for chromosome 5B

Holm

1988

Carlsberg Res. Commun.

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Chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation have been analyzed at the ultra_structural level in spread microsporocyte nuclei of allohexaploid wheat, nullisomic for chromosome 5B. Two plants were investigated, one was selected among the progeny ofselfed monosomic 5B wheat and the other was obtained by anther culture of wheat monosomic for 5B. The absence of chromosome 5B in the two plants was confirmed by N-banding of root tip complements and at metaphase I several of the cells contained multivalents. The ultrastructural analysis of 18 spread nuclei ranging in stage from the beginning of zygotene to early diplotene revealed an arrest of chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation in this genotype when on the average 35-40% of the complement had synapsed. At zygotene there were several exchanges of pairing partners, the number of lateral components in multiple associations exceeding that observed in euploid wheat by a factor of two to three. Many of the pairing partner exchanges were dose to the telomeres. As crossing over between homoeologues can occur in nullisomic 5B wheat it is apparent that nullisomy for Chromosome 5B has a dual effect on meiosis, namely to reduce the stringency ofsynapsis and to permit crossing over between chromosomes of partial homology. I N T R O D U C T I O NIn the absence of chromosome 5B, crossing over and ehiasma formation can occur between the homoeologues ofallohexaploid wheat (5, 6, 7). RILEY (5) thus reported that in nullisomic 5B wheat there were at metaphase I a mean of 1.41 univalents, 17.22 bivalents, 0.47 trivalents, 0.59 quadrivalents, 0.02 pentavalents and 0.05 hexavalents. That these multivalents had arisen by crossing over between homoeologous chromosomes was subsequently shown by RILEY and KEMPANA (7), who, by crossing plants nullisomic for 5 B with euhexaploid wheat, obtained plants that were heterozygous for translocations. The chromosomes involved in the translocations were identified by test crosses to lines in which one specific chromosome was monosomic and it was shown that the translocations had formed between homoeologous chromosomes, indicating crossing over between homoeologues in the nullisomic 5B wheat.The present paper is a part of a series, attempting at the ultrastructural level to investigate the effect of different dosages of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation (1,2,3, 9,10,11). In this study the results of the analysis of plants nullisomic for chromosome 5B are reported. The significance of the combined results of these ultrastructural investigations for understanding the regulation of the disomic inheriSpringer-Vedag 0105-1938/88/0053/0091/$04.00

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“…Since its discovery some 50 years ago, cytological investigations of wheat mutants that lack the Ph1 locus have shown that there are several defects that occur during pre-meiotic interphase and early meiosis that contribute to the homoeologous chromosome pairing observed at metaphase I (Riley and Chapman 1958;Sears 1977;Holm and Wang 1988). Initial studies showed that synapsis is arrested in ph1 mutants, to a level of~35-40% of wild-type wheat (Holm and Wang 1988).…”

Section: The Classical Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, multiple axial element associations that normally occur during zygotene are not resolved into homologous chromosome pairs in ph1 mutants like they are in wild-type wheat (Holm and Wang 1988). Based on these observations, Holm and Wang (1988) proposed that the alignment of homologous chromosomes is affected in ph1 mutants, preventing the correction of multiple axial element associations.…”

Section: The Classical Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on these observations, Holm and Wang (1988) proposed that the alignment of homologous chromosomes is affected in ph1 mutants, preventing the correction of multiple axial element associations. Uncorrected associations are thought to be the prelude to the multivalents observed at metaphase I in ph1 mutants (Holm and Wang 1988).…”

Section: The Classical Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding meiosis and the implications for crop improvement

Able

Crismani

Boden

2009

Functional Plant Biol.

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Abstract. Over the past 50 years, the understanding of meiosis has aged like a fine bottle of wine: the complexity is developing but the wine itself is still young. While emphasis in the plant kingdom has been placed on the model diploids Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and rice (Orzya sativa L.), our research has mainly focussed on the polyploid, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bread wheat is an important food source for nearly two-thirds of the world's population. While creating new varieties can be achieved using existing or advanced breeding lines, we would also like to introduce beneficial traits from wild related species. However, expanding the use of non-adapted and wild germplasm in cereal breeding programs will depend on the ability to manipulate the cellular process of meiosis. Three important and tightly-regulated events that occur during early meiosis are chromosome pairing, synapsis and recombination. Which key genes control these events in meiosis (and how they do so) remains to be completely answered, particularly in crops such as wheat. Although the majority of published findings are from model organisms including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, information from the plant kingdom has continued to grow in the past decade at a steady rate. It is with this new knowledge that we ask how meiosis will contribute to the future of cereal breeding. Indeed, how has it already shaped cereal breeding as we know it today?

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The effect of chromosome 5B on synapsis and chiasma formation in wheat, triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring

Cited by 86 publications

References 74 publications

Synaptonemal complex formation in two allohexaploid Festuca species and a pentaploid hybrid

Synaptonemal complex formation in two allohexaploid Festuca species and a pentaploid hybrid

Chromosome pairing and synaptonemal complex formation in hexaploid wheat, nullisomic for chromosome 5B

Understanding meiosis and the implications for crop improvement

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