The effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks

Tsiouris, Vasilios; Georgopoulou, I.; Batzios, Christos; Pappaioannou, N; Ducatelle, Richard; Fortomaris, P.

doi:10.1080/03079457.2015.1083094

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For example, chickens on organic farms not administered antimicrobials exhibit higher colonization rates by C. perfringens [ 8 , 42 ]. Our results are in agreement with other studies in poultry that have demonstrated that potential stressors experienced during production, such as heat and cold temperature exposures and high stocking densities, can be associated with increased densities of C. perfringens [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. It is unclear from the results of the current study, as well as previous reports, whether increased C. perfringens densities may have been a contributor to altered bacterial diversity observed in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…It is unclear from the results of the current study, as well as previous reports, whether increased C. perfringens densities may have been a contributor to altered bacterial diversity observed in the current study. Previous reports linking stress with increased C. perfringens densities did not examine the intestinal microbiota [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. The altered structure of bacterial communities that we observed, which coincided with increased C. perfringens, are not mutually exclusive factors as C. perfringens only increased in birds receiving CORT treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Stress Mediated by Corticosterone Administration Alters Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Increases the Relative Abundance of Clostridium perfringens in the Small Intestine of Chickens

2020

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A model of physiological stress mediated by the administration of corticosterone (CORT) was used to investigate the impact of stress on the intestinal microbiota of chickens. Birds were administered CORT in their drinking water at 0, 10 (low dose CORT; LDC), and 30 (high dose CORT; HDC) mg/L. Digesta from the small intestine and ceca were examined after 1, 5, and 12 days post-initiation of CORT administration by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A decrease in phylogenetic diversity and altered composition of bacteria were observed for HDC in the small intestine. Analysis by ANOVA-Like Differential Expression 2 (ALDEx2) showed that densities of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 bacteria were increased in the small intestine for LDC and HDC. Quantitative PCR confirmed that CORT administration increased densities of Clostridium perfringens in the small intestine, but only HDC was associated with increased densities of the bacterium in ceca. Predictive functional analysis by Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2 (PICRUSt2) showed pathways of carbohydrate metabolism to be enriched with CORT, and amino acid synthesis to be enriched in control birds in the small intestine. In conclusion, physiological stress mediated by CORT modulated bacterial communities in the small intestine and increased densities of C. perfringens. This implicates stress as an important mediator of this important enteric pathogen in poultry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Stress Mediated by Corticosterone Administration Alters Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Increases the Relative Abundance of Clostridium perfringens in the Small Intestine of Chickens

2020

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“…Moreover, cold stress was found to affect the thigh muscle of broilers more severely than the breast muscle, and it significantly reduced the feed intake and body weights of broilers but increased their feed conversion ratios [26,27]. As outdoor rearing systems gain more popularity, preventing cold stress will become increasingly costly to the poultry industry, and such costs often fluctuate depending on fuel prices, season, and existing heating systems [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens

Saleh

Tarkhan

Al‐Zghoul

2020

Animals

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Thermal stress is a major source of oxidative damage in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) due to the latter’s impaired metabolic function. While heat stress has been extensively studied in broilers, the effects of cold stress on broiler physiologic and oxidative function are still relatively unknown. The present study aimed to understand how thermal manipulation (TM) might affect a broiler’s oxidative response to post-hatch thermal stress in terms of the mRNA expression of the catalase, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) genes. During embryonic days 10 to 18, TM was carried out by raising the temperature to 39 °C at 65% relative humidity for 18 h/day. To induce heat stress, room temperature was raised from 21 to 35 °C during post-hatch days (PD) 28 to 35, while cold stress was induced during PD 32 to 37 by lowering the room temperature from 21 to 16 °C. At the end of the thermal stress periods, a number of chickens were euthanized to extract hepatic and splenic tissue from the heat-stressed group and cardiac, hepatic, muscular, and splenic tissue from the cold-stressed group. Catalase, NOX4, and SOD2 expression in the heart, liver, and spleen were decreased in TM chickens compared to controls after both cold and heat stress. In contrast, the expression levels of these genes in the breast muscles of the TM group were increased or not affected. Moreover, TM chicks possessed an increased body weight (BW) and decreased cloacal temperature (TC) compared to controls on PD 37. In addition, TM led to increased BW and lower TC after both cold and heat stress. Conclusively, our findings suggest that TM has a significant effect on the oxidative function of thermally stressed broilers.

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“…The temperature falling in point 1 to 4 within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system was 11.8°C, 8.7°C, 9.4°C and 9.9°C, respectively. A dramatic decreasing of environment temperature in short term might be a stress for poultry, which has potential to cause negative effects for poultry health [15], like increasing the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis [16]. It could be concluded that the abrupt temperature drop caused by traditional regulation mode of evaporative cooling system might be a serious problem in summer.…”

Section: Improvement Of the Multistage Regulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System

Han¹

2018

AFF

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The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of poultry house was cooled by more than 5°C (maximum reached 12.4°C) within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system under traditional ON/OFF mode. This mode might cause negative effects on layers. In order to attenuate this problem, a multistage regulation method of evaporative cooling system was developed. The water supply pipe was transformed by adding a specially designed water repartition plate to the original water supply system. The water repartition plate can control the watered area of pad. Then four degrees of watered area could be achieved as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and the full of pad area, and then gradual cooling process has been achieved. The target temperature was reached gradually through modifying the start temperature and single-cooling range, then a relative long period for chickens to adopt cooling process has been realized. This regulation method has been tested in laboratory. The results showed that gradually watering and cooling works well under multistage regulation. The cooling efficiencies from 1 st to 4 th stage were 15.84%, 30.53%, 56.67% and 83.70%, respectively, which matched well with prediction. In conclusion, the multistage regulation method was able to, as a new solution, alleviate the problem caused by traditional ON/OFF mode of evaporative cooling system in confined poultry house.

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The effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks

Cited by 49 publications

References 35 publications

Physiological Stress Mediated by Corticosterone Administration Alters Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Increases the Relative Abundance of Clostridium perfringens in the Small Intestine of Chickens

Physiological Stress Mediated by Corticosterone Administration Alters Intestinal Bacterial Communities and Increases the Relative Abundance of Clostridium perfringens in the Small Intestine of Chickens

Embryonic Thermal Manipulation Affects the Antioxidant Response to Post-Hatch Thermal Exposure in Broiler Chickens

A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System

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