The effect of collector type on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of polycaprolactone/gelatin/nano‐hydroxyapatite electrospun scaffold

Abstract

Electrospinning is considered a powerful method for the production of fibers in the nanoscale size. Small pore size results in poor cell infiltration, cell migration inhibition into scaffold pores and low oxygen diffusion. Electrospun polycaprolactone/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite (PCL/Gel/nHA) scaffolds were deposited into two types of fiber collectors (novel rotating disc and plate) to study fiber morphology, chemical, mechanical, hydrophilic, and biodegradation properties between each other. The proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 cells into the bone phenotype were determined using MTT method, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The rates for disc rotation were 50 and 100 rpm. The pore size measurement results indicated that the fibers produced by the disc rotation collector with speed rate 50 rpm have larger pores as compared to fibers produced by disc rotation at 100 rpm and flat plate collectors. A randomly structure with controlled pore size (38.65 ±0.33 μm) and lower fiber density, as compared to fibers collected by disc rotation with speed rate 100 rpm and flat plate collectors, was obtained. Fibers collected on the rotating disc with speed rate 50 rpm, were more hydrophilic due to larger pore size and therefore, faster infiltration of water into the scaffold and the rate of degradation was higher. These results demonstrate that PCL/Gel/nHA scaffolds made through a rotating disc collector at 50 rpm are more feasible to be used in bone tissue engineering applications due to appropriate pore size and increased adhesion and proliferation of cells, ALP activity and mineral deposits.

In vitro and in vivo assessment of glucose cross‐linked gelatin/zein nanofibrous scaffolds for cranial bone defects regeneration

“…Even though various biocompatible scaffolds were fabricated for bone tissue engineering, most of them were confined to the in vitro cell tests (Lam et al, ; Sattary et al, ). For the bone injury in vivo, a series of events begin, including recruitment of inflammatory cells and osteogenic cells, which cannot be simulated in vitro.…”

“…After 30 min incubation, the samples were washed with PBS three times to remove free and weakly adhered Alizarin Red, and the samples were observed under optical microscopy. Alizarin Red staining was semiquantitatively assessed by elution with 10% cetylpyridinium chloride for 60 min, and the absorbance at 540 nm was recorded according to the method of Sattary, Rafienia, Khorasani, and Salehi (). The scaffolds without cells were used as controls.…”

Preparation and Characterization of Nanofibrous Scaffolds of Ag/Vanadate Hydroxyapatite Encapsulated into Polycaprolactone: Morphology, Mechanical, and In Vitro Cells Adhesion

“…On the other hand, spectra of Ag/V-HAP@PCL show almost steady band intensities with changing silver concentration. The bands at 2858 and 2935 cm −1 described the stretching mode of C-H bond, whereas the band at 1734 cm −1 is appropriate to carbonyl group (C=O) [49]. Furthermore, characteristic bands of PCL are found at 1239 and 1279 cm −1 , attributed to the stretching of C-O and the asymmetric stretching of C-O-C, respectively [46,49].…”

A Review on the Secondary Surface Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers: Formation Mechanisms, Characterizations, and Applications

“…Studies proved that the secondary surface morphology of electrospun fibers can be changed by regulating the working parameters: (I) solution parameters (e. g. polymer concentration, viscosity, molecular weight, surface tension, conductivity), (II) ambient parameters (temperature and relative humidity (RH)), and (III) processing parameters (applied voltage, flow rate, distance between the tip of the needle and the collector, diameter of the needle, and collector type including rotating collector, rotating frozen mandrel, rotating tube collector with knife‐edge electrodes, parallel electrodes, disk collector, rotating wire collector, patterned electrodes, parallel rings, microfiber assisted rotating collector, and liquid bath collector (Figure ). Furthermore, maneuvering the electrospinning apparatus can also affect the secondary surface morphology of fibers.…”