The effect of combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on blood glucose and blood lipid levels in patients with gestational diabetes

Abstract

Background: To investigate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on glucose and blood lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes (GDM) women.Methods: A total of 150 patients with GDM aged 18-40 who were admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into test and control groups according to whether they took vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids. The test group took 40,000 IU of vitamin D and 8,000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids twice a day. Comparative analysis of the changes in blood glucose and blood lipid levels of the two groups of patients was performed after 6 weeks. The t-test was used to compare the differences between groups, and the chi-square test was used to assess percentage differences.Repeated measures variance was used to analyze the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on insulin metabolism markers and blood lipid profiles.Results: After adjusting for baseline age and weight, it was found that the fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the test group were decreased by 0.3±0.2 mmol/L, 1.0±0.6 uIU/mL, 0.2±0.1, 0.3±0.1 mmol/L, 0.5±0.2 mmol/L, 1.1± 0.4 mmol/L, and 0.03±0.01 mmol/L, respectively, while homeostasis model assessment of beta cell (HOMA-β) was increased by 0.4±0.1. Compared to the placebo group, the test group's FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR, TGs, total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL were all significantly decreased, and HOMA-β was markedly improved.However, no notable statistical difference was observed in the change of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P>0.05).Conclusions: Combined supplementation with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids for 6 weeks in patients with GDM can effectively reduce blood sugar and blood lipids, improve HOMA-β and insulin resistance, and ultimately effectively improve the glucose and lipid metabolism of patients.

Vitamin D3 enhances the effects of omega‐3 oils against metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease in rat

“…On the other hand, the results of the only RCT that explored the effects of VD 3 and omega‐3 oils co‐therapy in children with biopsy‐proven MAFLD and hypovitaminosis D revealed improvements in metabolic profiles and liver enzymes with a decrease in disease activity 36 . Similar favorable outcomes were also detected in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes 32,33 as well as type 1 and 2 diabetic patients 34,35 following co‐treatment with VD 3 and omega‐3 oils. Interestingly, omega‐3 oils increased serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D levels in nephrectomized rats by simultaneously increasing the VD‐synthesizing enzyme (Cyp27b1) and inhibiting the VD‐catabolizing enzyme (Cyp24a1) in liver and kidney 64 .…”

“…[26][27][28] Moreover, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH VD) levels correlated inversely with the prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance and MAFLD, while VD 3 supplementations protected and/or reverted hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and MAFLD. [29][30][31] Although VD 3 and omega-3 oils co-treatment also showed better metabolic regulations with enhanced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients as well as in women with gestational diabetes, [32][33][34][35] only two studies explored their additive protective actions against MAFLD. 36,37 Therefore, this study was designed to measure the potential remedial efficacies and the underlying molecular mechanisms of omega-3 oils and/or VD 3 single and dual therapies against MAFLD in rats.…”

“…Although VD 3 and omega‐3 oils co‐treatment also showed better metabolic regulations with enhanced antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects in diabetic patients as well as in women with gestational diabetes, 32–35 only two studies explored their additive protective actions against MAFLD 36,37 . Therefore, this study was designed to measure the potential remedial efficacies and the underlying molecular mechanisms of omega‐3 oils and/or VD 3 single and dual therapies against MAFLD in rats.…”

Systematic Review: The Benefit of Vitamin D Supplementation During Pregnancy

“…In line with research by Levy et al (2021), Lu et al (2021), dan Subramanian et al (2021) who measured 25(OH)D concentration in the subjects to evaluate vitamin D levels in the blood. A study by Huang et al (2021) mentioned that 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is an active form of vitamin D for maintaining the stability system of innate and adaptive immunity. A low level of 25(OH)D can increase the risk of diseases such as psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis, sepsis, and respiratory tract infection.…”

“…In this study, there are various doses of vitamin D for the research subject. A study by Lu et al (2021) used vitamin D at a dose of 4400 IU, whereas other studies used the highest dose of 28000 IU (Levy et al, 2021;Subramanian et al, 2021) and 40000 IU for the intervention group (Huang et al, 2021).…”