“…The earlier Information Systems (IS) studies on the CIO role have traditionally focused, inter alia, on the CIO's own efficiency (Smaltz, Sambamurthy, & Agarwal, 2006;Wu, Chen, & Sambamurthy, 2008;Chun & Mooney, 2009;Peppard, 2010;Chen & Wu, 2011) and the CIO's contribution to the firm's efficiency (Li & Ye, 1999;Johnson & Lederer, 2005Hu, Yayla, & Lei, 2014;Taylor, Sahym, & Vithayathil, 2015). Only a few IS studies have been conducted on the CIOs dualistic role (such as Carter et al, 2011;Kalgovas, van Toorn, & Conboy, 2014), although the ever-increasing digitization of business has generated new contradictory requirements for CIOs (Weill & Woerner, 2013) and although organizational ambidexterity has been widely studied in management science (Gibson & Birkinshaw, 2004;Jansen et al, 2008;Nemanich & Vera, 2009;Carmeli & Halevi, 2009;O'Reilly & Tushman, 2011;Rosing, Frese, & Bausch, 2011;Chang & Hughes, 2012;Turner, Swart, & Maylor, 2013;Li, Lin, & Tien, 2015;Baskarada et al, 2016).…”