The effect of compactness on the carbothermal conversion of interpenetrating metal oxide/resorcinol-formaldehyde nanoparticle networks to porous metals and carbides

Leventis, Nicholas; Chandrasekaran, Naveen; Sadekar, Anand G.; Mulik, Sudhir; Sotiriou‐Leventis, Chariklia

doi:10.1039/c0jm00856g

Cited by 102 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, since only trace amounts of C 60 have been introduced to the resultant monolith, the TG curve of NTCM shown in Figure 3a was not expected to show this relatively small loss. During the heat treatment to produce the NTCM, Fe(III) is assumed to be reduced to metallic Fe nanoparticles, 27,28 a process which has been shown, both with Fe and other transition metals, to induce the subsequent localized graphitization of the monolith. 29 Structure and Morphology.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Nesterenko

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Nesterenko

et al. 2013

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…To induce gelation by the inorganic precursors, the pH of the precursor solution was gradually increased by using epichlorohydrin as the acid scavenger. 18 The gelation usually took a few hours at room temperature, and the final pH was around 4. Propylene oxide was tested for acid scavenging, but our preliminary results indicated that the epoxide was too reactive to achieve the desired gradual pH increase and resulted in inhomogeneous gels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual Changes in Electronic Band-Edge Energies of the Nanostructured Transparent n-Type Semiconductor Zr-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (Ti_1–xZr_xO₂; x < 0.3)

2016

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By the establishment of highly controllable synthetic routes, electronic band-edge energies of the n-type transparent semiconductor Zr-doped anatase TiO2 have been studied holistically for the first time up to 30 atom % Zr, employing powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen gas sorption measurements, UV/vis spectroscopies, and Mott-Schottky measurements. The materials were produced through a sol-gel synthetic procedure that ensures good compositional homogeneity of the materials, while introducing nanoporosity in the structure, by achieving a mild calcination condition. Vegard's law was discovered among the homogeneous samples, and correlations were established between the chemical compositions and optical and electronic properties of the materials. Up to 20% Zr doping, the optical energy gap increases to 3.29 eV (vs 3.19 eV for TiO2), and the absolute conduction band-edge energy increases to -3.90 eV (vs -4.14 eV). The energy changes of the conduction band edge are more drastic than what is expected from the average electronegativities of the compounds, which may be due to the unnatural coordination environment around Zr in the anatase phase.

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“…Interpenetrating networks (IPNs) are originally developed in polymers, to pursue better mechanical, thermal properties of the polymer by possible synergism of the components. Similar concept is further extended to the field of organic/inorganic hybrid materials . Recently, several porous carbides (eg, TiC, Cr 3 C 4 , HfC) monoliths were claimed to be achieved by pyrolyzing the organic/inorganic IPN gels .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Sol‐gel is a traditional but still invigorated technique to deliberately tailor the material for the specific applications . In recent decades, the formation of hierarchical pore organization in the sol‐gel derived monoliths has been extensively explored . Many novel synthetic approaches are nowadays available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbothermal conversion of self‐supporting organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks to porous metal boride monoliths

Liu

Huang

et al. 2019

J Am Ceram Soc

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In this work, we present a general sol‐gel protocol for the synthesis of highly porous monolithic transition metal borides via carbothermal conversion of the organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks (IPNs). The formation of organic/inorganic IPNs is clearly demonstrated by simple oxidation and boiling water treatment. A series of transition metal boride porous monoliths, including CrB2, ZrB2, TiB2, Cr3C2/CrB, and ZrB2/ZrC with porosities ranging from 70% to 85% and pore sizes ranging from 0.5 to 35 μm, have been prepared. In each case, a porous hybrid monolith is obtained by drying the wet gel under ambient pressure. It is believed that the formation of organic/inorganic IPNs strengthens the gel network, so that it can withstand the severe changes during desiccation to give out a monolithic xerogel. Samples are characterized by TG‐DSC, XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, and MIP, and the ceramic monoliths are shown to be well defined and rather homogeneous.

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The effect of compactness on the carbothermal conversion of interpenetrating metal oxide/resorcinol-formaldehyde nanoparticle networks to porous metals and carbides

Cited by 102 publications

References 75 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Unusual Changes in Electronic Band-Edge Energies of the Nanostructured Transparent n-Type Semiconductor Zr-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (Ti_1–xZr_xO₂; x < 0.3)

Carbothermal conversion of self‐supporting organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks to porous metal boride monoliths

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The effect of compactness on the carbothermal conversion of interpenetrating metal oxide/resorcinol-formaldehyde nanoparticle networks to porous metals and carbides

Cited by 102 publications

References 75 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanotemplated Carbon Monolithic Material

Unusual Changes in Electronic Band-Edge Energies of the Nanostructured Transparent n-Type Semiconductor Zr-Doped Anatase TiO2 (Ti1–xZrxO2; x < 0.3)

Carbothermal conversion of self‐supporting organic/inorganic interpenetrating networks to porous metal boride monoliths

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Unusual Changes in Electronic Band-Edge Energies of the Nanostructured Transparent n-Type Semiconductor Zr-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (Ti_1–xZr_xO₂; x < 0.3)