The Effect of Concurrent Visual Feedback on Controlling Swimming Speed

Szczepan, Stefan; Zatoń, Krystyna; Klarowicz, Andrzej

doi:10.1515/pjst-2016-0001

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More experienced swimmers are not bothered by speed control, while the less advanced swimmers are clearly helped by it. The obtained results correspond with the studies of Szczepan et al (2016), in which also improved visual information accuracy during the flow.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Also a visual means for the transmission of information via a timer submerged at the bottom of the pool has been used (Gonzalez et al, 2002;Perez et al, 2009). Other devices such as Lider (Kuca, PL) (Szczepan et al, 2016), GBK-Pacer (GBK-Electronics, PT), Pace2Swim (FADEUP Porto, PT), and SwimLead (Synerte, PL) report the speed of swimming in real time, using a beam of light moving along the swimming pool were used as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Speed control in sports training is a multi-faceted issue (Micklewright et al, 2012;Szczepan, Zatoń, Klarowicz, 2016). Speed measurement determines the absolute intensity of physical exercise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Visual Speed Swimming Control in Swimmers’ Threshold Training

Szczepan

Zatoń

Borkowski

2018

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Controlling swimming speed is an important factor as far as accomplishing swimming training tasks is concerned. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of visual information about control of swimming speed in threshold training for swimmers. Six swimmers took part in this experiment. The study consisted of two exercise tests in which the participants swam 10 × 100 m. Individually designated task time corresponded to intensity of 95-100% of anaerobic threshold (AnT) intensity. AnT was determined in a progressive test prior to the experiment. In the first exercise test participants did not receive information regarding their swimming speed. In the second test visual information regarding their swimming speed was transmitted in real time using the Swimming Pace Control System device. The effect of visual control of swimming speed in threshold training for swimmers was determined by measuring the time needed to complete the test distances, heart rate and lactate concentration. Visual information used in swimming speed control in real-time statistically significantly reduces the differences between the assumed and actual time needed to complete the test distance (p = 0.057). Visual control of swimming speed resulted in an appropriate level achievement of intensity for threshold training, which was measured by swimming time (inaccuracỳx6.97 ±1.38 s), heart rate (x162.7 ±15.9 beat/min), and lactate concentration (x4.70 ±1.78 mmol/l). Comparing the increase in lactate concentration and exercise test with visual information, statistically significant differences are not observed (p = 0.710, p = 0.947). However, among 33.33% of the subjects, lactate concentration after training without visual information did not meet the standards (4 to 5 mmol/l) of threshold training (8.85 mmol/l and 14.57 mmol/l). Additionally, value of standard deviations of lactate concentration after threshold training with visual information amounted to 37.87% mean of lactate concentration, and in the condition without information 84.00% mean of lactate concentration. The results indicate the need to use concurrent visual information provided in real-time allowing you to control the swimming speed in swimming training.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Visual Speed Swimming Control in Swimmers’ Threshold Training

Szczepan

Zatoń

Borkowski

2018

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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“…The ability to control the speed of swimming, that is, the intensity of the effort, can be seen as multifaceted (Szczepan, Zatoń, Klarowicz, 2016).…”

Section: Reasons For Controlling Swimming Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the New Visual Swimming Pace Control System in Real-Time

Szczepan¹,

Zatoń²

2017

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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Controlling swimming speed, i.e. the intensity of physical activity, is an important factor in swimming training. The aim of this study was to validate the new "Swimming Pace Control System" (SPCS) for the control of swimming speed in real time using visual information. Submerged at the bottom of the pool was a system equipped with LEDs and software that informed the swimmer of the appropriate distance and swimming speed. A validation test was completed with an accuracy of ±200ms which compared the predetermined time for the beam of light emitted by the SPCS and the times achieved and recorded by the electronic starting system; "Colorado Time System" (Colorado Time, USA). The average time required to move the beam simulated by the SPCS at fixed distances (150 m, 100 m, 50 m) was within the assumed error of measurement (500 ms). SPCS was proven to be useful for control of swimming speed in real-time with the aid of visual information. The system gives an objective indication of swimming speed, thus it can be used in swimming training and during empirical research. Key words visual information, swimming speed, speed control system, device validation IntroductıonObjective assessment of the achievements of athletes is a popular topic (Toussaint, Truijens, 2005). With scientific and technological progress there comes the growing possibility of obtaining feedback in order to assess technical capacity and endurance. This then leads to improvements in the performance of athletes across a range of different disciplines.The need for measuring and evaluating numerous technical parameters and physiological forces is a means of creating improved diagnostic methods and measuring devices. The focal parameters where improvements are highly sought-after are diagnostic evaluation, technique, and stamina. A multitude of methods for recording and quantifying technical data and movement provides trainers and researchers with many possibilities, which in turn results in improved athletic performance.

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“…It is worth noting that training above the OBLA initiates muscle tissue changes, leading to an improvement in aerobic metabolism, as lactate accumulation is associated with an increase in the concentration of adenosine monophosphate Human Movement, Vol. 19, No 4, 2018 humanmovement.pl (AMP) in myocytes. the increased concentration of AMP activates complex changes in the AMP-dependent kinase enzymes, including an increase in the oxidative resynthesis pathway of adenosine triphosphate (AtP) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of concurrent visual feedback on the control of swimming intensities above the onset of blood lactate accumulation

Szczepan¹,

Zatoń²,

Borkowski³

2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. Effective control of swimming speed can increase training effectiveness and therefore enhance training adaptations. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of concurrent visual feedback on swimming speed at an exercise intensity above the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA). Methods. the study involved 12 healthy male and female swim team members. the participants executed two 200-m freestyle trials within an individually predetermined swim time matching an exercise intensity above OBLA (exercise zone 4). In one trial, no additional information was provided, whereas concurrent visual feedback was given on swimming speed in the other. Results. concurrent visual feedback narrowed the discrepancy between the predetermined and obtained swimming times (p < 0.001). this improvement in swimming time (accuracy) showed a negative correlation with the increase in post-trial lactate concentration. the correlation between the difference in the predetermined and obtained times and the increase in lactate was R =-0.46 when no visual feedback was provided but R =-0.64 with visual feedback, with the latter result statistically significant (p = 0.024). Conclusions. concurrent visual feedback allows swimmers to consistently maintain a predetermined swimming speed and therefore keep the specified exercise intensity as evidenced by the increase in lactate concentration. this can result in more effective execution of training goals and thereby enhance training outcomes.

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The Effect of Concurrent Visual Feedback on Controlling Swimming Speed

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Visual Speed Swimming Control in Swimmers’ Threshold Training

The Effect of Visual Speed Swimming Control in Swimmers’ Threshold Training

Validation of the New Visual Swimming Pace Control System in Real-Time

The effects of concurrent visual feedback on the control of swimming intensities above the onset of blood lactate accumulation

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