The Effect of Controlled Dynamization on  Regenerate Bone Healing in Callotasis

Choi, In Ho; Chung, Chin Youb; Cho, Tae-Joon; Choi, Kyu Won; Choi, Jeong-Sun; Hwang, J. K.

doi:10.1142/s0218957700000033

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We consider a manifold in the form of a product P = N ×M where N has D −d dimensions and M is a d dimensional manifold . We assume that a metric on P can be expressed in the warped form [8]…”

Section: Warped Metric On a Product Manifoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green functions and dimensional reduction of quantum fields on product manifolds

Haba¹

2008

Class. Quantum Grav.

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We discuss Euclidean Green functions on product manifolds P = N × M. We show that if M is compact and N is not compact then the Euclidean field on P can be approximated by its zero mode which is a Euclidean field on N . We estimate the remainder of this approximation. We show that for large distances on N the remainder is small. If P = R D−1 × S β , where S β is a circle of radius β, then the result reduces to the well-known approximation of the D dimensional finite temperature quantum field theory by D − 1 dimensional one in the high temperature limit. Analytic continuation of Euclidean fields is discussed briefly.

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Section: Warped Metric On a Product Manifoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green functions and dimensional reduction of quantum fields on product manifolds

Haba¹

2008

Class. Quantum Grav.

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“…The mechanism of the dimensional reduction presented in this paper may work for other models. In particular, for the ones with a warped form of the metric [14] encountered in the brane models [15]. Such models could explain why the Universe is confined to a submanifold and the probability of tunneling out of it is small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green functions and Euclidean fields near the bifurcate Killing horizon

Haba

2007

Preprint

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We approximate a Euclidean version of a D + 1 dimensional manifold with a bifurcate Killing horizon by a product of the two dimensional Rindler space R2 and a D − 1 dimensional Riemannian manifold M. We obtain approximate formulas for the Green functions. We study the behaviour of Green functions near the horizon and their dimensional reduction. We show that if M is compact then the massless minimally coupled quantum field contains a zero mode which is a conformal invariant free field on R 2 . Then, the Green function near the horizon can be approximated by the Green function of the two-dimensional quantum field theory. The correction term is exponentially small away from the horizon. If the volume of a geodesic ball is growing to infinity with its radius then the Green function cannot be approximated by a two-dimensional one.

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Complications of Distraction Lengthening in the Hand

Heo

Kwon

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et al. 2008

J Hand Surg Eur Vol

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This study examined the features of 16 complications from 51 distraction lengthenings in the hands of 43 patients. From 1996 to 2006, 24 metacarpals and 27 phalanges were lengthened at a rate of 0.5 and 0.25 mm/day, respectively, using a callus distraction technique. The indications were congenital (33 cases in 27 patients) and traumatic (18 cases in 16 patients) deformities. The average percentage lengthening in the phalanges and metacarpals was 62% (16 mm) and 63% (34 mm), respectively. The distraction rates in the phalanges and metacarpals were 69 and 52 days/cm, respectively. The overall complication rate was 31%. Major complications requiring secondary procedures were non-union (one case), fracture (one case), premature union (one case), angulations (two cases) and dislodgment of pins (two cases). The minor complications encountered were delayed callus formation (four cases), joint stiffness (four cases) and soft tissue thinning (one case). Traumatic deformities had more complications than the congenital ones (nine of 18 cases and seven of 33 cases, respectively). The phalanges had a higher rate of complication than the metacarpals (11 of 27 cases and four of 24 cases, respectively). Most patients with complications except for two children with dislodgment were as satisfied with the final results as those without complications. Although callus distraction in the hand requires a long treatment period and has a relatively high rate of complication, it appears to be effective in achieving adequate bone length. A high level of patient compliance and prompt management of complications by an experienced surgeon are essential for achieving good results.

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The Effect of Controlled Dynamization on Regenerate Bone Healing in Callotasis

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Green functions and dimensional reduction of quantum fields on product manifolds

Green functions and dimensional reduction of quantum fields on product manifolds

Green functions and Euclidean fields near the bifurcate Killing horizon

Complications of Distraction Lengthening in the Hand

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