The Effect of Counselling on Depression and Anxiety of Women with Unplanned Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Ekrami, Fatemeh; Mohammad‐Alizadeh‐Charandabi, Sakineh; Kheiroddin, Jalil Babapour; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan

doi:10.1007/s10597-019-00428-2

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We also report a statistically significant correlation between whether the pregnancy is planned or not and the anxiety scores with Beck and Trait Anxiety scales where unplanned pregnancies exhibit higher anxiety scores. In literature it has been shown that women with unplanned pregnancies experience high levels of anxiety and depression similar to our study [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Does having a high-risk pregnancy influence anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Sınacı

Tokalıoğlu

Öcal

et al. 2020

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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Objective We aimed to analyze the changing level of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in pregnant women, with and without high-risk indicators separately, in a tertiary care center serving also for COVID-19 patients, in the capital of Turkey. Study Design We designed a case-control and cross-sectional study using surveys. The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale questionnaire (STAI-T) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) which were validated in Turkish were given to outpatient women with high-risk pregnancies as study group and normal pregnancies as control group. A total of 446 women were recruited. Results There was a statistically significant difference between those with and without high-risk pregnancy in terms of Trait-State Anxiety scores with COVID-19 pandemic (p < 0.05). We found an increased prevalence of anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in high-risk pregnant women comparing to pregnancies with no risk factors (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the education level in high-risk pregnant women in terms of anxiety scores (p < 0.05), Beck Anxiety score was highest in high school graduates (42.75). While the level of Trait Anxiety was the highest with pandemic in those with high-risk pregnancy with threatened preterm labor and preterm ruptures of membranes (58.0), those with thrombophilia were the lowest (50.88). The State Anxiety level and Beck Anxiety Score of those with maternal systemic disease were the highest (53.32 and 45.53), while those with thrombophilia were the lowest (46.96 and 40.08). The scores of Trait Anxiety (56.38), State Anxiety (52.14), Beck Anxiety (43.94) were statistically higher during the pandemic in those hospitalized at least once (p < 0.05). Conclusion High-risk pregnant women require routine anxiety and depression screening and psychosocial support during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-risk pregnancy patients have comorbid conditions most of the time, hence they not only at more risk for getting infected, but also have higher anxiety scores because of the stress caused by COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Does having a high-risk pregnancy influence anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Sınacı

Tokalıoğlu

Öcal

et al. 2020

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductiv

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“…Sinaci et al (2020) reported that unplanned pregnancies showed higher anxiety scores during the pandemic, with a statistically significant association identified between whether the pregnancy was planned or unplanned and the anxiety scores [25]. Again, it has been shown in the literature that women with unplanned pregnancies experience high levels of anxiety and depression, which is similar to our findings [26,27]. Moyer et al (2020) also stated that women were worried about getting pregnant and giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Evaluation of Belief in Covid-19 Myths and Levels of Covid-19 Anxiety and Perception of Health in Pregnancy

Kakaşçı

Durmaz

2022

Karya Journal of Health Science

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Amaç: Çalışmada, pandemi sürecinde gebelerin COVID-19 mitlerine inanma durumlarını, COVID-19 anksiyete ve sağlık algısı düzeylerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte planlandı. 473 gebe ile tamamlandı. Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, COVID-19 Anksiyete Ölçeği, Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Pandemisi ile ilgili mitler formu kullanıldı. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, One way anova testi, Bağımsız gruplarda t testi, Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizleri yapıldı.Bulgular: COVID-19 mitlerine inanma sayısı ortalaması ile COVID-19 anksiyete (r=0.093, p=0.042) ve Sağlık algısı (r=0.115, p=0.012) ölçekleri puan ortalamaları arasında ilişki bulundu. Yaş ve gebelik haftası ortalamaları ile COVID-19 mitlerine inanma sayısı ortalaması (p=0.000; p=0.004), COVID-19 anksiyete (p=0.000; p=0.006) ve Sağlık algısı (p=0.008; p=0.036) ölçekleri puan ortalamaları arasındaki fark anlamlı bulundu. Plansız gebeliklerde mitlere inanma sayısı ortalaması (p=0.011) ve COVID-19 anksiyete ölçeği puan ortalaması (p=0.004) daha yüksekti.Sonuç: Gebelerde COVID-19 mitlerine inanma düzeyi, anksiyete ve sağlık algısı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Gebelik haftasının ilerlemesi, gebelik yaşının yükselmesiyle mitlere inanma, sağlık algısı ve anksiyete düzeyleri yükselmektedir. Planlı gebeliklerde mitlere inanma ve anksiyete düzeyleri daha düşüktür. Gebelerin mitlere inanma düzeyi bir yandan anksiyete düzeyini yükseltirken bir yandan da sağlık algısının yükselmesi ile sonuçlanmıştır.

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“…Some studies focused on "state/trait anxiety during pregnancy" (Abbasi et al, 2020;Ekrami et al, 2019;Fontein-Kuipers et al, 2016;Goetz et al, 2020;Hamilton et al, 2020;Parsa et al, 2016;Rajeswari & SanjeevaReddy, 2020;Salehi et al, 2016;Sanaati et al, 2017;Toosi et al, 2017;J.-Y. Zhang et al, 2019), while others focused only on "state anxiety during pregnancy (Esfandiari et al, 2020;Legrand et al, 2017;Mirtabar et al, 2020;Sheikh-Azadi et al, 2016;Uçar & Golbasi, 2019).…”

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study, that studied face to face individual counselling conducted by a midwife was effective in reducing fear of childbirth (Andaroon et al, 2017). Ekrami et al (2019) examined individual and group counselling. The authors found that the mean state and trait anxiety score of the counselling groups were significantly reduced compared to the control group without counselling.…”

Section: Categories Of Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Interventions for Fear of Childbirth, Anxiety and Fear in Pregnant Women

Birner¹,

Große²

2021

Preprint

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Background: Fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth are a frequent phenomenon and can have negative consequences on wellbeing, psychological health and birth outcomes. Therefore, it is important to focus on the interventions to reduce those fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. A systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature on psychological interventions to reduce anxieties and fears during pregnancy and childbirth. Scopus and PubMed were searched from 2015 up until December 2020 for relevant studies. Included were pregnant women, with no restriction on age ranges or parity. Entered in the review were quantitative studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials as well as treatment evaluations. After reviewing titles, abstracts and studies, 72 studies were included in this review as they met the inclusion criteria. Standard methodological procedures for systematic reviews were used. The quality assessment of included articles was done by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (EPHPP). Results: The main results of this review concern the fear and anxiety reducing effects of psychoeducation, relaxation techniques, guided imagery, supportive care through a midwife, group discussion, “lifestyle based education”, writing therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy groups and stress intervention, individual structured psychotherapy, communication skills training, counseling approaches (except distraction techniques), a motivational interviewing psychotherapy, emotional freedom techniques, breathing awareness and different hypnotherapeutic techniques on different fears and anxieties during pregnancy and childbirth. For mindfulness-based interventions mixed results are found. The effect of an acceptance and commitment therapy, biofeedback interventions, a mind body intervention, mental health training courses, the group intervention Nyytti® as well as cognitive analytic therapy is unclear, due to weak ratings. Antenatal class attendance reduced delivery fear significantly only in first time mothers. An internet-based problem-solving treatment did not reduce anxiety during pregnancy. Conclusion: A broad range of interventions show positive effects on fear of childbirth and fear and anxiety in pregnancy. Further research should address other acknowledged psychotherapeutic practices, like psycho-dynamic as well as systemic interventions, as they are underrepresented within this review. Furthermore , there is a need for manualized therapeutic interventions, with regards to a combination of effective intervention components.

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The Effect of Counselling on Depression and Anxiety of Women with Unplanned Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Does having a high-risk pregnancy influence anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Does having a high-risk pregnancy influence anxiety level during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Evaluation of Belief in Covid-19 Myths and Levels of Covid-19 Anxiety and Perception of Health in Pregnancy

Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Interventions for Fear of Childbirth, Anxiety and Fear in Pregnant Women

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