The Effect of Covid-19 on Liver

Abstract

revealed the discovery of the first case of respiratory illness brought on by a novel coronavirus. The World Health Organization named the disorder coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dated February 11, 2020, despite the fact that it is still dangerous throughout the entire world (CDC, 2020). As SARS-CoV-2 infected the liver and cause dysfunction and damage to hepatocytes (Fan et al., 2020). Symptoms included cough, fever, pneumonia, ‫و‬headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and, dyspnea, (Adhikari et al., 2020).SARS-CoV-2 uses the host receptor angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to infect human cells. Even though it has been claimed that ACE2 is expressed in the lung, liver, stomach, ileum, kidney, and colon, these tissues actually express it at relatively low levels, particularly in the lung) Qi et al., 2020;Lai et al., 2020).When a disease is present, the innate immune system starts to react. Some innate immune cytokines increase, which may help in predicting the subsequent stages of the clinical period (Mason, 2020;Liu et al., 2020). Cytokine storms, which come from increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that affect numerous organs, are the cause of ARDS in COVID-19 disease Merad and Martin, 2020). In the host cell, the type transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) increases viral uptake by cleaving ACE2 and activating the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which enables coronavirus entrance into host cells (Hoffmann et al., 2020). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are present in target cells of the host, specifically alveolar epithelial type II cells (Mancia et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020).