The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan

Ullah, Ayat; Mishra, Ashok K.; Bavorová, Miroslava; Kächele, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103220

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…After constructing a list of key variables, we interviewed 60 randomly selected VDCs members. Their joint statements are merged into one to reduce the respondents’ quotation, at the end of which the respondents are identified as tiny letters just above the line of text (Ullah et al, 2022d ). Table 3 provides an overview of the hierarchy of different variables that shape the categorization of farmers in early, later, or late adoption decision-makers groups, which are discussed further below.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP)

Ullah

Mishra

Bavorová

2023

Environmental Management

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Adoption of agroforestry in the early spring under the green growth initiative programs, such as the Billion Trees Afforestation Project, has positively impacted crop productivity and plantation success in Pakistan. However, the timely adoption decision of agroforestry in the Hindu Kush Himalayan is still low, particularly among smallholders. Using a mixed-method approach, we examine the factors influencing smallholder households and community-level timely agroforestry adoption decisions. Findings show that the early and later decision-makers farmers had agricultural lands on riversides and primarily adopted agroforestry to protect their crops from devastating effects of winds and floods. In contrast, late adoption decision-makers adopted agroforestry for income diversification. Results of our logit model show that several household and community-level factors influence smallholders’ timely adoption of agroforestry. The factors that positively affect the timely adoption of agroforestry include age-related factors, education, and the establishment/existence of functional community-based organizations. In contrast, political conflicts and tenure insecurity negatively affect smallholders’ timely adoption of agroforestry. In-depth interviews with Village Development Committees members revealed that terrace farming, farms on riversides, communities without access to other energy sources, population growth, and low farm acreage ensured the timely adoption of agroforestry. The policy recommendations include strengthening collaborative efforts among community members, especially engaging educated old-aged farmers (elders of traditional communities) to increase adoption rates and land tenure security to ensure timely agroforestry adoption under the newly launched 10-BTAP.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP)

Ullah

Mishra

Bavorová

2023

Environmental Management

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“…In particular, we controlled for Covid‐19 effects on fertilizer accessibility in 2020 and 2021. The Covid‐19 pandemic has been found to affect vegetable farmers' inputs and outputs market participation, and market integration in Pakistan (Ullah et al., 2022). Equation () is extended by including the time‐variant characteristics (

{X_{it}})

as follows:

\begin{equation} {Y}_{\textit{it}}=\alpha +{\beta}_{1}{W}_{\textit{it}}+{\beta}_{2}{Y}_{t}+{\beta}_{3}({Y}_{t}\ensuremath{\times{}}{W}_{\textit{it}})+\gamma {X}_{\textit{it}}+{\varepsilon}_{\textit{it}} \end{equation}

…”

Section: Methodology and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we controlled for Covid-19 effects on fertilizer accessibility in 2020 and 2021. The Covid-19 pandemic has been found to affect vegetable farmers' inputs and outputs market participation, and market integration in Pakistan (Ullah et al, 2022). Equation ( 1) is extended by including the time-variant characteristics (𝑋 𝑖𝑡 ) as follows:…”

Section: Empirical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does private sector involvement improve the distribution efficiency of subsidized fertilizer? A natural experiment from Nepal

Thapa¹,

Gaihre²,

Choudhary³

et al. 2023

Agricultural Economics

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Despite the government spending significant amounts on fertilizer subsidies, Nepal's average fertilizer application rate is lower than in other South Asian countries. The low application is attributed to poor access to fertilizer and an inefficient distribution system. The government of Nepal issued a "Fertilizer Distribution Directive (FDD) 2020" to improve the distribution system. We assessed the impacts of involving the private sector in selling fertilizer to farmers. We examined whether the market transaction cost proxied by farmers' search cost (communication and travel cost), travel time to visit the stores, and the opportunity cost of time spent in purchasing fertilizer have been reduced by FDD 2020.A difference-in-difference approach refined with propensity score matching was used to estimate the fertilizer distribution efficiency using survey data from 619 households across six districts. Private sector involvement was found to reduce travel time to fertilizer retailers by about 10 min and transaction costs to purchase subsidized fertilizer by about 20 Nepalese Rupees (NPR) per season, compared to the conventional approach of sale by farmer cooperatives. Implementation of the directive has removed the bias of cooperatives selling fertilizer only to members, especially medium and large-scale farmers. The directive and private sector involvement have led to a more equitable and efficient distribution of subsidized fertilizer. However, the government should routinely monitor and regulate the fertilizer mainly targeted to the private fertilizer retailers.

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“…Kebijakan stabilisasi harga implementasinya akan lebih efektif terjadi pada pasar terintegrasi dibandingkan dengan tidak terintegrasi. Karena menurut Roman (2020) pada pasar yang terintegrasi secara spasial, terjadi transfer antara daerah yang surplus dengan defisit, yang berdampak pertukaran barang atau informasi, sehingga terjadi penyesuaian demand, supply dan harga, yang mengarah pada alokasi sumberdaya yang optimal.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Analisis Integrasi Pasar Parsial untuk Komoditas Daging Ayam Broiler antar Berbagai Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi

Adesra,

Firmansyah,

Idris

et al. 2024

Ekonomis

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This research aims to determine the spatial market integration of broiler chicken meat commodities between various districts/cities in Jambi Province. The analysis method used is the VAR (Vector Autoregression) / VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) model. There is partial market integration in the long and short term for broiler chicken meat commodities between various regencies/cities in Jambi Province so that the price of broiler chicken meat in regencies/cities in Jambi Province influences each other not only in the current period but in relation to prices 1 to 2 days before. There is short and long-term spatial market integration for broiler chicken meat in districts/cities in Jambi Province. The price of broiler chicken meat in Jambi City causes changes in the price of broiler chicken meat in Batang Hari Regency, Kerinci Regency, Merangin Regency and West Tanjung Jabung Regency, and vice versa.

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The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on market integration: Evidence from vegetable farmers in Pakistan

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP)

Agroforestry Adoption Decision in Green Growth Initiative Programs: Key Lessons from the Billion Trees Afforestation Project (BTAP)

Does private sector involvement improve the distribution efficiency of subsidized fertilizer? A natural experiment from Nepal

Analisis Integrasi Pasar Parsial untuk Komoditas Daging Ayam Broiler antar Berbagai Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jambi

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