The Effect of Cu Powder During Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA3003-H18

Abnar, B.; Kazeminezhad, M.; Kokabi, A.H.

doi:10.1007/s11661-014-2310-5

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The reinforcement particles can be ceramic-based particles, that are intrinsically hard, or intermetallic compounds formed in the microstructure by in situ reaction between metal powder and aluminum matrix. The homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement particles in the aluminum matrix is critical to have high strength FSWed joints [56,57].…”

Section: Non-heat-treatablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The additions of various reinforcement particles have been introduced as an improvement strategy for increasing the mechanical properties of FSWed joints of strain-hardened Al alloys. For instance, the effects of TiC [162], TiO 2 [163], and SiC [164] nanoparticles, Cu and pre-mixed Cu-Al Powder [56,165], Al 3 Sc compound [166], and inserting Cu foils [167] on the mechanical properties of FSWed joints of Al alloys have been previously investigated. All of these studies have unanimously reported that the incorporation of reinforcement particles into the gap between two sheets strengthens the stir zone's mechanical properties, provided that appropriate welding parameters are chosen.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Reinforcement Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat Treatable Al Alloys: Challenges and Improvements Opportunities

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an effective solid-state joining process that has the potential to overcome common problems correlated with conventional fusion welding processes. FSW is used for the joining of metallic materials, in particular Al alloys (non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable). The heat produced by the friction between the rotating tool and the workpiece material generates a softened region near the FSW tool. Although the heat input plays a crucial role in producing a defect-free weld metal, it is a serious concern in the FSW of work-hardened non-heat-treatable Al alloys. In this group of alloys, the mechanical properties, including hardness, tensile properties, and fatigue life, are adversely affected by the softening effect because of grain growth and reduced dislocation density. Considering this challenge, work-hardened Al alloys have been limited in their industrial use, which includes aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive, and railway industries. The current comprehensive review presents the various approaches of available studies for improving the quality of FSW joints and expanding their use. First, the optimization of welding parameters, including the tool rotational and traverse speeds, tool design, plunge depth, and the tilt angle is discussed. Second, the incorporation of reinforcement particles and then underwater FSW are stated as other effective strategies to strengthen the joint. Finally, some supplementary techniques containing surface modification, bobbin tool FSW, copper backing, and double-sided FSW in relation to strain-hardened Al alloys are considered.

show abstract

Section: Non-heat-treatablementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Incorporation Of Reinforcement Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat Treatable Al Alloys: Challenges and Improvements Opportunities

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Non-heat-treatable Al alloys (e.g., 1xxx, 3xxx, 4xxx, and 5xxx Series Alloys) exhibit limited responsiveness to heat treatment methods for improving the mechanical properties of the weld area [9,10]. Various approaches have been explored to address this challenge, with a primary focus on optimizing welding parameters such as tool rotational and traverse speeds, tool design, plunge depth, and tilt angle [4,6,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dispersing In Situ Al-Cu Intermetallic Compounds on Joint Strength in Friction Stir Welding of AA3003-H18 Sheets

Abnar,

Javidani

2024

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, friction stir welding (FSW) was employed to join AA3003-H18 sheets by incorporating in situ Al-Cu intermetallic compounds within the stir zone. The FSW process was carried out under three distinct conditions: (I) without applying powder, (II) by introducing Cu powder, and (III) by incorporating Cu-Al mixed powder (50 vol.% Cu, 50 vol.% Al). The powder was embedded into the gap between two sheets. Subsequently, two-pass FSW, involving both forward and backward movements, was conducted with a rotational speed of 1200 rpm and traverse speed of 100 mm/min across all three experimental conditions. In the second and third conditions, the formation of in situ intermetallic compounds occurred through a solid-state reaction between Cu particles and Al within the stir zone. Examination of the stir zone through optical and electron microscopic studies revealed that the utilization of Cu-Al mixed powder resulted in finer and more uniformly distributed Cu clusters and Al-Cu intermetallics than samples welded with Cu powder alone. Notably, the stir zone of samples incorporating Cu-Al mixed powder exhibited finely dispersed, completely gray Al-Cu intermetallic particles, whereas those with only Cu powder displayed predominantly coarse core-shell particles in the microstructure. The introduction of Cu-Al mixed powder during FSW resulted in a stir zone with an average hardness of 74 HB, showing a 14% increase compared to the cases where Cu powder alone was added (65 HB). Tensile tests, conducted in both transverse and longitudinal directions on the FSWed samples, did not exhibit a consistent trend across the three mentioned conditions. Transverse tensile strength consistently ranged between 107 and 110 MPa, with joint efficiency varying from 52% to 54%. However, the longitudinal tensile strength of the joint with added Cu-Al mixed powder (158 MPa) surpassed those welded with Cu powder alone (134 MPa).

show abstract

“…Several researchers [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] have conducted experimental studies to predict the effect of interlayers on the mechanical properties of FSW joints. Interlayers of Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Brass, Aluminium, Silicon carbide (SiC), Titanium Carbide (TiC) etc, are used to improve the mechanical properties of FSW joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The joints fabricated using a 10 μm thickness of Zn interlayer possessed a higher tensile strength than the FSW joint produced with different Zn interlayers. Abnar et al [9,10] used pure Cu and a mixture Al-Cu particles as interlayers in FSW of AA3003 aluminium alloy. In this experimental study, the interlayer particles are first fused into the gap of abutting plates using friction stir processing, and the FSW process is performed afterwards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of process parameters on friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA6082–T6 with an interlayer using response surface methodology

Singh,

Kumar,

Grover

2023

Eng. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the present study, the effects of variation of process parameters on the mechanical properties of friction stir welded A6082–T6 aluminium alloy joints with Zinc (Zn) interlayer are experimentally investigated. Four process parameters, viz. rotational speed, welding speed, interlayer thickness and tool pin diameter are selected to fabricate the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) joints. After filling the Zn particles into the gap maintained between the plates, FSW is performed using different process parameters. Thereafter, tensile and impact strength tests are performed to evaluate the performance of the joints. It is analyzed that the tensile and impact strength of the joints vary from 121 to 197 MPa and 6 to 17 J, respectively. Subsequently, mathematical models are developed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to predict the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile and impact strength of joints. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the level and degree of direct effect of process variables on the tensile and impact strength of the joints. It is observed from the results that tool rotational speed is the most influential process parameter, which enhances the mechanical properties of FSW joints, whereas an increase in welding speed reduces the mechanical properties of the joints

show abstract

The Effect of Cu Powder During Friction Stir Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA3003-H18

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat Treatable Al Alloys: Challenges and Improvements Opportunities

Friction Stir Welding of Non-Heat Treatable Al Alloys: Challenges and Improvements Opportunities

Effect of Dispersing In Situ Al-Cu Intermetallic Compounds on Joint Strength in Friction Stir Welding of AA3003-H18 Sheets

Effect of process parameters on friction stir welding of aluminium alloy AA6082–T6 with an interlayer using response surface methodology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About