The effect of cumulative damage on the ballistic performance of plain weaves

Zhou, Yi; Yao, Wentao; Zhang, Zhongwei; Sun, Minqian; Xiong, Ziming; Lin, Yuan; Wang, Derong; Wang, Mingyang

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.115978

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is important to point out that plain-woven fabrics are produced by the interlacement of two sets of yarn (warp yarn and weft yarn) in a one-up and one-down manner. This is one of the simplest weave patterns possible to make by looms [ 41 , 42 ]. These plain-woven fabrics are commonly used in the production of ballistic helmets.…”

Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior of Curaua-Aramid Hybrid Laminated Composites for Ballistic Helmet

Meliande

Oliveira

Lemos³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Hybrid composites are expanding applications in cutting-edge technology industries, which need materials capable of meeting combined properties in order to guarantee high performance and cost-effectiveness. This original article aimed for the first time to investigate the hybrid laminated composite thermal behavior, made of two types of fibers: synthetic Twaron® fabric and natural curaua non-woven mat, reinforcing epoxy matrix. The composite processing was based on the ballistic helmets methodology from the North American Personal Armor System for Ground Troops, currently used by the Brazilian Army, aiming at reduced costs, total weight, and environmental impact associated with the material without compromising ballistic performance. Thermal properties of plain epoxy, aramid fabric, and curaua mat were evaluated, as well as the other five configurations of hybrid laminated composites. These properties were compared using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with its derivative (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermomechanical analysis (TMA). The results showed that the plain epoxy begins thermal degradation at 208 °C while the curaua mat at 231 °C and the aramid fabric at 477 °C. The hybrid laminated composites curves showed two or three inflections in terms of mass loss. The only sample that underwent thermal expansion was the five-aramid and three-curaua layers composite. In the third analyzed temperature interval, related to the glass transition temperature of the composites, there was, in general, an increasing thermal stability behavior.

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Section: Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Behavior of Curaua-Aramid Hybrid Laminated Composites for Ballistic Helmet

Meliande

Oliveira

Lemos³

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…Ansari and Chakrabarti [ 18 ] present a numerical model for stratified layers of glass fibers, using anisotropic properties for the target, but the model was run without friction; therefore, it differs from reality. The coefficient of friction was set to 0.22 for textiles in [ 23 ] and Zhou Y. et al [ 24 ] presented a model with friction (with the same friction coefficient COF = 0.22 between yarns), noting that the energy dissipated by friction was proportional to the impact velocity of the projectile for the studied range of velocities. Signetti S. et al [ 25 ] used a model with the same friction law for the sliding contact between the projectile and the target layers, depending on relative sliding between nodes, taking into account both dynamic and static values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic Response of a Glass Fiber Composite for Two Levels of Threat

et al. 2023

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This paper presents the behavior of composite panels based on glass fiber unidirectional fabrics and a bi-component epoxy resin under ballistic impacts that characterize two threat levels: FB2 and FB3, according to EN 1523:2004. The tested panels had characteristics kept in narrow ranges: thickness 18.26 ± 0.22 mm, mass ratio fabrics/panel 0.788 ± 0.015, surface density 27.51 ± 0.26 kg/m2. After testing the panels, the failure mechanisms of the panel were evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and photographs. Here the authors present a finite-element model at meso scale that was used for evaluating if the composite, initially tested at level FB2 (9 mm FMJ, v0 = 375 m/s), could withstand the higher level of impact, FB3 (projectile type .357 Magnum and impact velocity of v0 = 433 m/s). Simulation was performed in Explicit Dynamics (Ansys), keeping the same target but changing the projectile for the two different levels of threat. The results of the simulation were encouraging for making tests at level FB3, indicating the importance of alternating actual tests with simulations in order to achieve better protection with reduced surface weight. The simulation illustrated differences in impact duration and number of layers broken on the panel for each level. Validation of the model was based on the number of broken layers and the dimension of the delamination zone between the last two layers. Scanning electron microscopy was used for identifying failure mechanisms at the micro and meso scale. We found that damage to the composite was intensively dependent on impact velocity, this being quantitatively evaluated using the number of layers broken, the effect of delamination on separating layers and the deformation of the last layer.

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“…With the increase in impact velocity, the energy absorption capacity of the composites is enhanced, and the yarn breakage and resin plasticization become more obvious. Zhou et al 4 studied the effect of cumulative damage on the energy absorption capacity of plain weave fabric system, and found that the pre-damaged systems appear to be less protective than the undamaged systems in most cases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of innovative fiber and resin materials and designing novel structures for improved utilization of the materials are both popular stratergies for engineering lightweight body armor. Many factors affect the ballistic performance of a fabric system, including the layup design, 1,2 projectile impact velocity, 3 cumulative damage, 4 boundary conditions 5 and so on. Chen et al 1 mentioned that shear failure precedes tensile failure during ballistic impact on multilayer woven fabrics, which prevents high-strength fibers from reaching their full energy absorption potential, suggesting a shear-resistant material at the impact-face and a stretch-resistant material at the back-face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Z-binding depths on the ballistic performance of 3D woven through-the-thickness angle-interlock fabrics in a multiply system

Min

Chen

et al. 2023

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Lightweight armor with excellent protection against ballistic impacts are pursued by researchers worldwide. This paper systematically investigates the effect of the Z-binding depths on the ballistic performance and failure mechanisms of para-aramid 3D fabrics. Two types of 3D woven through-the-thickness angle-interlock fabrics were designed and fabricated in comparison to the 2D plain weave fabric. The ballistic tests and finite element simulation analyses were carried out based on a similar areal density of 5.2 kg/m2 by layering up the fabrics. According to the experimental results, the variability and cumulative probability of penetration of the 20-P are higher than that of the 3D fabric systems, resulting in a 2.5% higher ballistic limit V50 of 8-5 TA than 20-P. Fabric plies failed abruptly in the 2D system, while the 3D system showed a progressive failure mode. The Z-warps, configure through the thickness of the fabric, result in the projectile tumbling and deviating from its original direction. A larger binding depth can help to prolong the defending process, which will mobilize more yarns to resist the projectile impact. The back-face deformation is well constrained by the 3D fabrics. Due to the fact that the designed 3D woven fabrics are more moldable than the plain weave, it could be potential candidates for the engineering design of female bullet-proof vest interlining.

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The effect of cumulative damage on the ballistic performance of plain weaves

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Thermal Behavior of Curaua-Aramid Hybrid Laminated Composites for Ballistic Helmet

Thermal Behavior of Curaua-Aramid Hybrid Laminated Composites for Ballistic Helmet

Ballistic Response of a Glass Fiber Composite for Two Levels of Threat

Effect of Z-binding depths on the ballistic performance of 3D woven through-the-thickness angle-interlock fabrics in a multiply system

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