The Effect of Current and Nickel Nitrate Concentration on the Deposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films

Streinz, Christopher C.; Hartman, Andrew P.; Motupally, Sathya; Weidner, John W.

doi:10.1149/1.2044134

Cited by 96 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ] < 0.2 M at 0.5 mA cm −2 [91]. That is, approximately 1 mol of Ni(OH) 2 is produced for every 2 mol of hydroxide produced at the electrode surface.…”

Section: (A) Chemical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The amount incorporated can be considerable and the resultant material is represented by the general formula α-Ni(OH) 2−x A y B z · nH 2 O, where A and B are monovalent and divalent anions, respectively, and x = y + 2z [90]. Because Ni(NO 3 ) 2 is widely used as a precursor to prepare nickel hydroxide materials, the most common foreign anion is nitrate [1,91], although chloride, sulfate, carbonate, cyanate, acetate, succinate, glutarate and adipate anions have also been reported [38,90,92,93]. The incorporated anions may either occupy lattice hydroxide sites or they may sit within the interlayer region [38,94].…”

Section: (Iii) Ionic Substitution and Foreign Ion Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

et al. 2015

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This review article summarizes the last few decades of research on nickel hydroxide, an important material in physics and chemistry, that has many applications in engineering including, significantly, batteries. First, the structures of the two known polymorphs, denoted as α-Ni(OH) 2 and β-Ni(OH) 2 , are described. The various types of disorder, which are frequently present in nickel hydroxide materials, are discussed including hydration, stacking fault disorder, mechanical stresses and the incorporation of ionic impurities. Several related materials are discussed, including intercalated α-derivatives and basic nickel salts. Next, a number of methods to prepare, or synthesize, nickel hydroxides are summarized, including chemical precipitation, electrochemical precipitation, sol-gel synthesis, chemical ageing, hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, electrochemical oxidation, microwaveassisted synthesis, and sonochemical methods. Finally, the known physical properties of the nickel hydroxides are reviewed, including their magnetic, vibrational, optical, electrical and mechanical properties. The last section in this paper is intended to serve as a summary of both the potentially useful properties of these materials and the methods for the identification and characterization of 'unknown' nickel hydroxide-based samples.

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“…[Ni(NO 3 ) 2 ] < 0.2 M at 0.5 mA cm −2 [91]. That is, approximately 1 mol of Ni(OH) 2 is produced for every 2 mol of hydroxide produced at the electrode surface.…”

Section: (A) Chemical Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: (Iii) Ionic Substitution and Foreign Ion Incorporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

et al. 2015

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“…The joint effects of current density or base solution concentration, nickel concentration, and the counterions determine the product phase, crystallinity, and, in the electrochemical approach, the current efficiency. 47,48 Literature references to Ni(OH) 2 that do not specify the phase usually refer to well-crystallized, high purity β-Ni(OH) 2 . β-Ni(OH) 2 is available commercially.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of α and β Phases of Thin Nickel Hydroxide Films Electrochemically Formed on Nickel

et al. 2012

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The present work utilizes Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to re-examine the fine structural details of Ni(OH) 2 , which is a key material in many energy-related applications. This work also unifies the large body of literature on the topic. Samples were prepared by the galvanostatic basification of nickel salts and by aging the deposits in hot KOH solutions. A simplified model is presented consisting of two fundamental phases (α and β)o fN i ( O H ) 2 and a range of possible structural disorder arising from factors such as impurities, hydration, and crystal defects. For the first time, all of the lattice modes of β-Ni(OH) 2 have been identified and assigned using factor group analysis. Ni(OH) 2 films can be rapidly identified in pure and mixed samples using Raman or IR spectroscopy by measuring their strong O−H stretching modes, which act as fingerprints. Thus, this work establishes methods to measure the phase, or phases, and disorder at a Ni(OH) 2 sample surface and to correlate desired chemical properties to their structural origins.

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“…Weidner et al 94,95 utilizaram a técnica de MECQ estudando principalmente o processo de deposição eletroquímica de Ni(OH) 2 à partir de soluções de Ni(NO3)2. Durante este processo o íon nitrato é reduzido de acordo com a seguinte reação.…”

Section: óXidos E Hidróxidos De Metais De Transiçãounclassified

“…Estes autores 94 [101][102][103] . Torresi et al 101 estudaram a deposição eletroquímica a partir de soluções de tungstênio metálico e peróxido de hidrogênio e a subseqüente intercalação/deintercalação protônica deste sistema.…”

Section: óXidos E Hidróxidos De Metais De Transiçãounclassified

Técnicas in situ de baixo custo em eletroquímica: a microbalança a cristal de quartzo

Varela¹,

Malta²,

Torresi³

2000

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 26/10/99; aceito em 23/3/00 LOW COST IN SITU TECHNIQUES IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY: THE QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE. Among in situ techniques, the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) is a powerful tool for the study of electrochemical reactions that produce mass changes in the electrode/solution interface. This review present some systems in which the EQCM combined with classical electrochemical techniques, gives relevant information for understanding the charge transport process at a molecular level. The aim of this review is to do a brief description of experimental arrangements, with emphasis on some special cares that must be considered by the users. Secondly, some chosen electrochemical systems where the technique was successfully applied are discussed. Finally, a brief analysis of electroacoustic impedance experiments was done in order to show when the Sauerbrey equation can be used.Keywords: EQCM; in situ technique in electrochemistry; electroacoustic impedance. REVISÃO INTRODUÇÃOA eletroquímica estuda fundamentalmente sistemas interfaciais e volumétricos (inserção). Nesses sistemas é de importância capital o conhecimento dos fluxos de carga e massa através da interface eletrodo/solução no entendimento molecular da relação entre estrutura e natureza físico-química das espécies que participam da reação e o fenômeno eletroquími-co em si; ou seja, como estes parâmetros afetam a transferên-cia de carga. Incluída no grupo das técnicas in situ, a microbalança eletroquímica a cristal de quartzo (MECQ) tem demonstrado ser uma ferramenta poderosa no estudo de reações eletroquímicas que produzem modificações na interface eletrodo/eletrólito em uma magnitude suficiente para ser detectada pela técnica e se destacado como uma técnica de baixo custo relativo quando comparada a outras utilizadas em eletroquímica. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever brevemente os procedimentos experimentais, com ênfase em alguns cuidados que o usuário deve ter quando da utilização da téc-nica, assim como mostrar alguns sistemas que utilizam a MECQ obtendo informações fundamentais ao entendimento do processo redox. Com esses exemplos pretende-se ilustrar, de forma crítica, a potencialidade da MECQ, e discutir os cuidados na interpretação dos resultados, além das limitações da técnica. A literatura sobre MECQ é extensa e já foram escritos vários capítulos de livros e artigos de revisão [1][2][3][4][5] .Nos primeiros trabalhos, a microbalança a cristal de quartzo (MCQ) foi utilizada ex situ para medir massas de metais eletrodepositados sobre eletrodos 6,7 . Posteriormente, os méto-dos experimentais requeridos para a utilização da MCQ como sensor de massa in situ para estudo de filmes finos sobre eletrodos foram desenvolvidos independentemente por vários grupos [8][9][10][11][12] . Uma vez que a MCQ começou a ser utilizada in situ em sistemas eletroquímicos, passou a ser denominada MECQ em lugar de MCQ. Nos últimos anos, a MECQ começou a ser utilizada de maneira mais sofisticada, empregando além das medidas de variação de...

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The Effect of Current and Nickel Nitrate Concentration on the Deposition of Nickel Hydroxide Films

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

Nickel hydroxides and related materials: a review of their structures, synthesis and properties

Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy of α and β Phases of Thin Nickel Hydroxide Films Electrochemically Formed on Nickel

Técnicas in situ de baixo custo em eletroquímica: a microbalança a cristal de quartzo

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