The Effect of Cutting Speed and Depth of Cut on Surface Roughness During Machining of Austempered Ductile Iron

Parhad, Prashant; Likhite, Ajay; Bhatt, Jatin; Peshwe, D. R.

doi:10.1007/s12666-014-0439-y

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The metallographic samples were prepared from test specimens after heat treatment to investigate the changes in microstructure (the complete details of the sample preparation have been described in our previous work) [8]. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to determine the amount of carbon-stabilized austenite and its carbon content.…”

Section: Fig 1 Schematic Of Austempering Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vickers hardness test is used to measure the bulk hardness of the heat-treated specimen. Details of the sample preparation, measurement conditions (and determination of carbon content), lattice parameter, and volume fraction of the austenite have all been described in previous works [8].…”

Section: Fig 1 Schematic Of Austempering Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of the austempering duration on (a) the lattice parameter and carbon content of austenite, (b) the volume fraction of C-stabilized austenite, and (c) the average cell size of the ferrite is revealed in Figures 5-7, respectively. The entire mechanism of this austempering transformation is discussed in detail in research paper [8].…”

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9. Showing Iron carbide precipitate (yellow dots) at ferrite /austenite interface [8] Thus, the precipitation of cementite results in a rise in the volume fraction of the acicular ferrite. The growth of the ferrite is diffusionless; however, any excess carbon in the supersaturated ferrite soon partitions into the residual austenite or precipitates within the ferrite in the form of carbides [18,19].…”

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dependence of austenite lattice parameter and 'C' content in austenite on austempering transformation time[8] Dependence of % of carbon-stabilized Austenite on austempering transformation time[8] Effect of transformation duration on at 250°C average particle size of ferrite…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Isothermal Transformation Period for Austempered Ductile Iron

Parhad¹,

Likhite

Bhatt

et al. 2017

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The present paper examines and compares the influence of austempering parameters such as temperature and time on the isothermal transformation and microstructural changes of ductile iron. To identify the compositional and structural changes during an isothermal transformation, a very wide austempering period is chosen at a transformation temperature for the precise determination of the process window. XRD, optical, and scanning electron microscopic techniques are exploited to identify and analyze the changes in the austempered structure, at austempering temperatures of 250°C and 400°C. The various structural parameters like austenite volume fraction (V g , its carbon content (C g), lattice parameter, and the average cell size of the ferrite are ascertained. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis is used to identify the carbide precipitation obtained due to the austempering Stage-II reaction. It is noticed that, at the end of the austempering Stage-II reaction, there is a significant reduction in the volume fraction of stabilized austenite and it's carbon content, as the microstructure at this stage not only contains ausferrite but also additional precipitated iron carbides. With an increase in austempering time, the austenite and ferrite volume fraction increase until the austenite becomes stabilized with sufficient carbon. The increase in the lattice parameter of the austenite during austempering corresponds to the rise in carbon content within the austenite. A rise in the austempering temperature leads to a reduction in the volume fraction of the ferrite and an increase in the stabilized austenite volume fraction. The optimum isothermal transformation period for austempered ductile iron is established, based on the period during which the maximum content of the austenite volume fraction, its carbon, the lattice parameter, and the average cell size of the ferrite are maintained.

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Section: Fig 1 Schematic Of Austempering Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fig 1 Schematic Of Austempering Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: °Cmentioning

confidence: 99%