The effect of cyclosporin A on periodontal disease in rats monoassociated with Actinomyces viscosus Ny 1

Guggenheim, B; Gaegauf-Zollinger, R; Hefti, Arthur F.; Burckhardt, Johann Jakob

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1981.tb00947.x

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The positive effect of immunization is in agreement with previous investigations reporting reduced periodontal bone loss in germ-free rats immunized against Streptococcus mutans (9), Aetinoinyces naeshtndii (9), and Eikenella corrodens (2) prior to tnonoinfection with the homologous organism. Other investigators have found increased bone loss in similar studies after immunization against Actinomyees viscosus (5,19,20) and Aetinobaeillus actinomycetemeomitans (51). This discrepancy may be explained by differences in imtnunization route and cotnposition of antigen preparation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Periodontal bone level and gingival proteinase activity in gnotobiotic rats immunized with Bacteroides gingivalis

Klausen

Evans

Ramamurthy

et al. 1991

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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Bacteroides gingivalis is associated with various forms of periodontal disease. To assess the role of the immune response in modulating B. gingivalis-associated periodontal disease, the effect of immunization of B. gingivalis-induced periodontal bone loss was evaluated in gnotobiotic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats immunized with various doses of whole cells or sham-immunized with incomplete Freund's adjuvant were monoinfected with B. gingivalis in carboxymethylcellulose by gavage. Two additional groups served as either sham-immunized or untreated germ-free controls. Forty-two days after infection, all rats were killed, periodontal bone level was assessed morphometrically and radiographically, and gingival proteinase (mammalian collagenase and acid cathepsin) activity was assessed biochemically. B. gingivalis was present in oral samples from all monoinfected rats, and no contaminating bacteria were detected in any oral or fecal sample. Animals immunized with B. gingivalis cells had elevated serum and saliva antibodies to whole cells and partially purified fimbriae from B. gingivalis. Infected sham-immunized rats had significantly more periodontal bone loss than noninfected controls, whereas the periodontal bone level in infected rats immunized with 10(10) B. gingivalis cells was similar to that of the noninfected controls. The activities of gingival collagenase and cathepsin B and L were high in sham-immunized infected rats and low in all other animal groups. In conclusion, it is possible to reduce B. gingivalis-induced periodontal tissue loss in gnotobiotic rats by immunization.

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mentioning

confidence: 89%

Periodontal bone level and gingival proteinase activity in gnotobiotic rats immunized with Bacteroides gingivalis

Klausen

Evans

Ramamurthy

et al. 1991

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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“…42 While few studies have been performed that detail the humoral immune response to Gram-positive microorganisms in an animal model of periodontitis, a study by Crawford et al 43 showed that the induction of serum and salivary antibody appeared to provide a measure of protection from bone loss induced by infection of germfree rats with either S. mutans or A. naeslundii. Guggenheim and co-workers 44 examined the ability of a T-lymphocyte inhibiting agent (Cyclosporine A) to effect both immune responses and disease in rats challenged with A. viscosus. The results showed a dramatic decrease in serum agglutinins to A. viscosus in the CyA-treated rats.…”

Section: Antibody To Gram-positive Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Humoral Immune Responses in Periodontal Disease

Ebersole

1990

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

152

136

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Antibodies are humoral factors exemplary of the adaptive immune system that are present in the serum and fluids of all mammals. These molecules react with antigens contained on bacteria, viruses, parasites, and toxins. Antibodies are elicited when the lymphoid system reacts to immunogenic materials on, or produced by, the microorganisms, and B lymphocytes are stimulated through an immune cooperation network. The host has the ability to produce a tremendous array of structurally similar antibody molecules that have individual unique binding domains that specifically interact with the antigens. Five distinct classes of immunoglobulins are identified in most higher mammals and include IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE. These molecules have characteristic differences in size, charge, amino acid composition, and carbohydrate content.IgG is the predominant serum immunoglobulin and, after protracted exposure to most antigens, antibody activities are notably associated with this isotype. There is also confirmation that certain antigens preferentially stimulate production of a single IgG subclass and not a polyclonal response in all subclasses. Four subclasses of IgG have been identified in humans and include IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 due to differences in antigen epitopes on the heavy chains of the molecules. Second, functional differences have been identified among the subclasses. IgG2 subclasses have been shown frequently in responses to polysaccharide antigens, while IgGl and IgG3 are elicited in response to proteins and viruses, and IgG4 synthesis is associated with responses to certain antigens that can lead to allergic reactions. IgG3 is the most effective at complement fixation, while IgG4 does not fix complement. All subclasses cross the placenta and can provide protection to the neonate. Fc receptors for the IgG subclasses are present on various cells and are critical for increased phagocytosis by opsonization. The IgG isotype of immunoglobulin is normally distributed in the circulation and tissues.IgM is the first immunoglobulin class to appear in the immune response. It represents the first antibody formed by the neonate. IgM is a potent molecule for fixation of complement. The pentameric nature of the immunoglobulin provides for agglutination/aggregation of bacteria. There are also Fc receptors for IgM on some cells. This molecule is primarily distributed in the intravascular system.Monomeric IgA is the primary form of this immunoglobulin in serum, and IgA is the predominant Ig in secretions. Additionally, a unique structural variant of IgA exists in external

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“…For example, dinitrochlorobenzene challenge could induce an early gingival lesion, resembling a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in monkeys and rats. 28 The lesions in rats could be passively transferred with sensitized cells and not with serum.3 Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced disease in sensitized dogs could be suppressed by anti-thymocyte serum. 29 In mice, only animals demonstrating a cellmediated immune (CMI) response to the superinfecting micro-organism developed bone loss.30 Analysis of our data indicates that a single antigen administered to animals otherwise germ-free and antigen-free can result in enhanced periodontal bone loss, as can pre-sensitization prior to antigen administration.4'22 Evidence implicating CMI in periodontal disease involved the demonstration that lymphokines (produced after oral antigen stimulation) gave rise to some symptoms of periodontal disease.…”

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confidence: 98%

Host Response in Experimental Periodontal Disease

Taubman¹,

Yoshie²,

Ebersole³

et al. 1984

J Dent Res

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Experiments were performed to determine the role of the immune response in rat periodontal disease. Germ-free rats were fed defined antigen-free liquid diets or a diet containing ovalbumin(OVA) as a prototype antigen. The OVA-fed rats demonstrated increased gingival lymphocytes (mainly T at early times), OVA-sensitized spleen cells, and increased periodontal bone loss. In further studies, rats pre-sensitized with OVA, and receiving OVA in the diet, showed elevated IgG antibody, sensitized spleen cells, and elevated periodontal bone loss scores. The concept that bone loss was due to mixed hypersensitivity reaction is consistent with the periodontal pathology. The effects of pre-immunization with A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) on periodontal bone loss in Actinobacillus (Aa) - infected rats was examined. Delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) was present in immunized rats throughout the experimental period. Sham-immunized rats showed DTH after 30 days of infection. In addition, immunized rats showed elevated bone loss scores. These experiments support the contention that a combination of hypersensitivity reactions (i.e., mixed hypersensitivity to Aa) could give rise to the periodontal pathology observed. Congenitally athymic rats (nude) were shown to have more periodontal bone loss than did normal littermates. However, bone loss in thymus-cell reconstituted nude rats was not different from that in control rats. Normal rats receiving Aa-sensitized T lymphocytes prior to infection with Aa demonstrated increased DTH and periodontal bone loss. These studies support the concept that T-cell functions and thymic regulation of immune responses can exert protective and/or destructive effects in periodontal disease. In order to modify disease, it will be necessary to enhance the protective aspects of the immune response and to minimize the detrimental aspects.

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The effect of cyclosporin A on periodontal disease in rats monoassociated with Actinomyces viscosus Ny 1

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Periodontal bone level and gingival proteinase activity in gnotobiotic rats immunized with Bacteroides gingivalis

Periodontal bone level and gingival proteinase activity in gnotobiotic rats immunized with Bacteroides gingivalis

Systemic Humoral Immune Responses in Periodontal Disease

Host Response in Experimental Periodontal Disease

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