The effect of deep cryogenic treatment and precipitation hardening on the structure, micromechanical properties and wear of the Mg–Y-Nd-Zr alloy

Investigation of Micromechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of WE43 Magnesium Alloy after Deep Cryogenic Treatment Combined with Precipitation Hardening

“…The sub-zero treatment alone, in turn, resulted in an approximate 5–8% increase in micromechanical properties. The observed effects are the result of changes in the structure of the Mg-Y-Nd alloy studied by the authors in previous articles [ 27 , 28 ], where it was shown that deep cryogenic treatment caused a twofold increase in the number of β -phase precipitates and decrease in the grain area compared to the alloy aged without sub-zero treatment. The large number of additional precipitates formed as a result of deep cryogenic treatment after solution treatment can be explained by the formation of additional nucleation sites in magnesium alloys [ 15 ], which also occurs, among others, in magnesium alloys with aluminum and with gadolinium [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 33 , 34 ].…”

“…Solutioning and aging were carried out in a laboratory muffle furnace, FCF-5M (Czylok, Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland), in the air atmosphere. The time and temperature of solutioning were set at 8 h and 545 °C during the previous tests, while the aging time was set at 24 h at 250 °C [ 14 , 27 , 28 ]. Five different variants of the state of the test material were obtained: as-delivered alloy, after deep cryogenic treatment (DCT), after solutioning and subsequent deep cryogenic treatment (S + DCT), and after precipitation hardening without (S + A) and with deep cryogenic treatment (S + DCT + A + DCT).…”

“…Wear tests in rotational motion were carried out on a TRN tribological tester (Anton Paar, Corcelles-Cormondrèche, Switzerland) in the ball-on-disc system ( Figure 2 ). Test parameters were set based on previous studies [ 14 , 27 , 28 ] and the recommendations of the ASTM G99 standard [ 32 ]. The tests were performed in the following conditions: Load— F n : 10 (N) Friction distance radius— r : 7 (mm) Linear velocity— v : 0.15 (m/s) Distance— s : 100 (m) Ambient temperature: 21 ± 1 (°C) Air humidity: 40% ± 5 (%) …”

“…This applies in particular to magnesium alloys with rare earth elements. The few exceptions are two earlier papers by the authors about the WE54 alloy [ 27 , 28 ]. The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in micromechanical properties and tribological behavior induced by the proposed treatment.…”

Effects of Deep Cryogenic Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of Rolled Cu Foil

“…The cup drawn at ultra-low temperatures exhibited uniform thickness distribution and significant drawing height and load. Barylski et al [ 25 ] investigated the effects of DCT on the wear and mechanical properties of Mg-Y-Nd-Zr alloy. It was found that the reduction of defects (dislocations and stacking faults) caused by DCT jeopardized the mechanical properties of the alloy, which can be improved by the aging process.…”