The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic mice

Abstract

Objectives Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the in vitro study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice. Methods This study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e., healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12 mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1 mL of test sample for 4 weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest. Conclusions Dexamethasone induction for 4 weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.

The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-Iβ alteration by deer (Rusa unicolor) antler extract on osteoarthritis rat model

“…The 500 g of deer antler powder was extracted with 70% ethanol (2.0 L × 3) by maceration method at room temperature for 24 h. Then it filtered with Whatman paper no. 41 and evaporated by a BUCHI rotary evaporator at 40 °C and 40 rpm to create a thick extract with a constant weight of 16.8 g ( Hariyadi et al, 2019 , Widyowati et al, 2021 , 2020).…”

3D Printing of PLLA/Biomineral Composite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

“…Eggshell and pearls are common bioactive materials, but they only provide osteo-conductive function rather than osteo-inductive [55]. However, turtle shell, degelatinated deer antler and cuttlebone are traditional biomaterials [56][57][58][59]. Among the scaffold preparation methods, 3D printing is a promising strategy for bioactivity involvement, as well as strong customizability according to the specific morphology of in situ defect areas [60].…”

Prevention of osteoporotic fracture: from skeletal and non-skeletal perspectives

“…Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum (CCP) or deer antler is a wellknown material of animal source used in TCM recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) by Li Shi-Zhen approximately 500 years ago and provides a rare anomaly to regenerate complex tissues and organs [83][84] . Sika deer mainly live in forest, mountainous, and grassland areas, such as Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia provinces, especially in Liaoning and Jilin provinces where there is a large number of artificial breeding of sika deer.…”

“…Widyowati et al [84] Six healthy male mice for each group 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg/day, for 4 weeks BMD ↑ Deer antler to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum.…”