The effect of dental caries and restorative biomaterials on IL-1 β and TNF-α levels in the gingival crevicular fluid

Abstract

Background/Aim.To estimate the concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β TNF-in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples from caries affected teeth and intact teeth, and to correlate them with caries extension, tooth position, and different restorative biomaterials. Methods.GCF samples were collected from the 90 periodontally healthy patients demonstrating at least one tooth with proximal caries and one intact tooth, at the baseline, 7 and 30 days post-treatment. The biomarkers profile was investigated in relation to the different level of caries extension (superficial, pulpitis, gangrenous, root affection), defect size and restorative biomaterial. Results. Before therapy, caries level was significantly associated with GCF IL-1β concentration, demonstrating lowest level in gangrenous (C4) and superficial caries (C2). 30d after therapy, root affection (C5) was characterized by the highest IL-1β concentration. Different dental fillings showed various GCF cytokine change. CPC induced a significant IL-1β increase in more than 70% of treated patients. Caries lesion size was insignificantly associated with GCF levels of these proinflammatory cytokines, where larger defects were followed with average cytokine increase. Considering tooth position, before therapy, IL-1β had the highest level in GCF samples from caries affected canines and second molars while TNF-α showed highest levels from canines GCF. Dental restoration induced cytokine increase in canines (IL-1β and TNF-α), 1st and 2nd molars GCF (IL-1β). Conclusion. Before inflammation intensity of tooth structures was directly reflected with IL-1β and TNF-α concentration. Dental restoration significantly affects IL-1β and TNF-α depending on the used dental filling-type material. Profile of these cytokines varied in GCF samples of the tooth with different anatomical position, where canines and molars demonstrated the highest level. An increase of these proinflammatory cytokines in the absence of any symptomatic manifestation of inflammatory response has to be reconsidered as a possible tooth reparation parametar. Clinical relevance. The concentration of GCF cytokines is illustrative in depicting processes in tooth structures. Their relevance must be inspected with aspects of tooth position and caries lesion level. Different impact of dental restoration materials on GCF IL-1β and TNF-αcould be used as parameter for estimating local inflammation.

Relationship between Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels of periapical tissue fluid to the levels in in gingival crevicular fluid and serum: A pilot study

“…Additionally, the lack of any signi cant correlations between the concentrations of IL-1β in the periapical uid of teeth, GCF and serum is quite apparent. Our nding is concordance with some previous systematic review that mentions of reports which arrived at nal conclusion [29], but in con icting opinion, with Stefanović V, et al [30]. This contradiction between these ndings may be due to heterogeneity and limitation of the study designs.…”

Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review

“…To date, IL-1β is the most extensively studied cytokine in relation to the effects or influence that different prosthetic materials may have on the periodontium, including other temporary restorative materials such as dental cements and nanohybrid composites [ 127 ]. In fact, it has been observed that patients with zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses show a decrease in IL-1β levels compared to those with porcelain metal prostheses and temporary prosthetic materials, such as PMMA, where there is a very slow decrease in this cytokine indicating a more inflammatory state [ 28 , 29 , 32 , 40 , 41 ].…”