The effect of diabetes on endothelin, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in rats

Bek, Eugene L.; McMillen, Marvin A.; Scott, Paul; Angus, L.D. George; Shaftan, Gerald W.

doi:10.1042/cs103s424s

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…IL-8 associates with the CXC receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2). It induces its chemotactic effects via CXCR1, whereas CXCR2, which is expressed by human microvascular endothelial cells, is the receptor responsible for IL-8-induced angiogenesis (22,174,245). Recently, we examined the expression of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2 in human skeletal muscle biopsies after concentric exercise.…”

Section: A Il-8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

Pedersen¹,

Febbraio²

2008

Physiological Reviews

1,833

1,646

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Skeletal muscle has recently been identified as an endocrine organ. It has, therefore, been suggested that cytokines and other peptides that are produced, expressed, and released by muscle fibers and exert paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine effects should be classified as “myokines.” Recent research demonstrates that skeletal muscles can produce and express cytokines belonging to distinctly different families. However, the first identified and most studied myokine is the gp130 receptor cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6). IL-6 was discovered as a myokine because of the observation that it increases up to 100-fold in the circulation during physical exercise. Identification of IL-6 production by skeletal muscle during physical activity generated renewed interest in the metabolic role of IL-6 because it created a paradox. On one hand, IL-6 is markedly produced and released in the postexercise period when insulin action is enhanced but, on the other hand, IL-6 has been associated with obesity and reduced insulin action. This review focuses on the myokine IL-6, its regulation by exercise, its signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, and its role in metabolism in both health and disease.

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Section: A Il-8mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

Pedersen¹,

Febbraio²

2008

Physiological Reviews

1,833

1,646

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“…However, a more likely function of muscle-derived IL-8 is to stimulate angiogenesis. It induces its chemotactic effects via the chemokine receptor CXCR1, whereas CXCR2, which is expressed by human microvascular endothelial cells, is the receptor responsible for IL-8-induced angiogenesis (Bek et al, 2002;Koch et al, 1992;Norrby, 1996). The expression of the IL-8 receptor CXCR2 is enhanced in human skeletal muscle biopsies after concentric exercise and the increase in CXCR2 protein is seen not only in the muscle fibres but also to a larger extent in the vascular endothelium, suggesting that it may play a role in angiogenesis (Frydelund-Larsen et al, 2007).…”

Section: Il6 -Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscles and their myokines

Pedersen

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

550

404

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Summary In the past, the role of physical activity as a life-style modulating factor has been considered as that of a tool to balance energy intake. Although it is important to avoid obesity, physical inactivity should be discussed in a much broader context. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a physically active life plays an independent role in the protection against type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia and even depression. For most of the last century, researchers sought a link between muscle contraction and humoral changes in the form of an ‘exercise factor’, which could be released from skeletal muscle during contraction and mediate some of the exercise-induced metabolic changes in other organs such as the liver and the adipose tissue. We have suggested that cytokines or other peptides that are produced, expressed and released by muscle fibres and exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects should be classified as ‘myokines’. Given that skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body, our discovery that contracting skeletal muscle secretes proteins sets a novel paradigm: skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ producing and releasing myokines, which work in a hormone-like fashion, exerting specific endocrine effects on other organs. Other myokines work via paracrine mechanisms, exerting local effects on signalling pathways involved in muscle metabolism. It has been suggested that myokines may contribute to exercise-induced protection against several chronic diseases.

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Section: Is the Muscle Il-6 Release A Metabolic-related Event?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

Pinto¹,

Raimondo

Tuttolomondo³

et al. 2012

CPD

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Abstract:It is well established that physically fit individuals have a reduced risk of developing CVD (cardiovascular disease) and other age-related chronic disorders. Regular exercise is an established therapeutic intervention with an enormous range of benefits. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation may be involved in atherosclerosis, diabetes and in pathogenesis of several chronic pathological conditions; recent findings confirm that physical activity induces an increase in the systemic levels of a number of cytokines and chemokines with anti-inflammatory properties. The possibility that regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammation activity, being the interaction between contracting muscle and the other tissues and the circulating cells mediated through signals transmitted by "myokines" produced with muscle contractions. To date the list of myokines includes IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15. During muscle contractions are also released IL1receptor antagonis and sTNF-R, molecules that contribute to provide anti-inflammatory actions.Nevertheless discrepancies, analysis of available researches seem to confirm the efficacy of regular physical training as a nonpharmacological therapy having target chronic low-grade inflammation. Given this, physical exercise could be considerate a useful weapon against local vascular and systemic inflammation in atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms explain the positive effect of chronic exercise, nevertheless, these mechanisms do not fully enlighten all pathways by which exercise can decrease inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, and hence modulate the progression of the underlying disease progress.

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The effect of diabetes on endothelin, interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in rats

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6

Muscles and their myokines

Effects of Physical Exercise on Inflammatory Markers of Atherosclerosis

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