“…Ideal photothermal utilization of SVG requires both broadband light absorption over the solar spectrum in the far field and light-induced heat localization in the near field. The development of plasmonics and metamaterials has revealed that the resonant frequency and intensity of plasmon excitations are strongly dependent on the intrinsic material properties [10,65], including sizes [37,66], shapes [48,67], surrounding environment [10,20,68], and assembly profiles [20,69]. Figure 2 summarizes some primary factors that can contribute to the tunability of absorption spectra [37,69,70] as well asthe enhancement of localized electromagnetic fields [51,65,68].…”