The effect of dietary fish oils on eicosanoid biosynthesis in peritoneal macrophages is influenced by both dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fats and total dietary fat

German, Jashalynn; Lokesh, Belur R.; Kinsella, John E.

doi:10.1016/0952-3278(88)90023-3

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, feeding the fish a mixture of fish oil with 50% soybean oil resulted in an 80% increase in the production of LTB 4 immunoreactive material (ELISA detectable) from exogenously added AA. This pattern is in agreement with dietary studies on rodents where high n-3 diets decrease eicosanoid formation, whereas high n-6 diets tend to increase the production of both PG's and LT's in macrophages (Leslie et al 1985;Lokesh and Kinsella 1987;German et al 1988). Previous studies on eicosanoid metabolism in salmon have also demonstrated an inhibitory effect of fish oil compared to plant oil (Bell et al 1996a, b).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Dietary Lipids on Macrophage Function, Stress Susceptibility and Disease Esistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Gjøen¹,

Obach²,

Røsjø

et al. 2004

Fish Physiol Biochem

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As the supply of marine fish oil is becoming a limiting factor in the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), new diets and alternative sources of energy are being tested. Plant oils are natural potential candidates to replace fish oil, but the different levels of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids may influence the health and growth of salmon. In this study, we have investigated the resistance to transport stress and bacterial infection, phagocytic activity in head kidney macrophages and eicosanoid metabolism in salmon fed three different diets. In high-energy fishmeal based diets, 50% and 100% of the supplementary fish oil (FO) was replaced with soybean oil (SO). The three dietary groups were fed for 950 day-degrees at 5°C (27 weeks) and 12°C (11 weeks) before challenging the fish with Aeromonas salmonicida, analyzing the lipid composition of head kidney and examining macrophage function in vivo and in vitro. Dietary fatty acids affected the lipid composition of the kidney. The level of eicosanoid precursor's 20:4n-6 and 20:3n-6 were 3 and 7-fold higher in the 100% SO group compared with the FO group. The total fraction of n-3 lipids in kidney was 19% in the SO group, compared to 16% and 12% in the 50% or 100% SO groups, respectively. However, the production of leucotriene B 4 (LTB) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE) immunoreactive materiel from exogenously added arachidonic acid in head kidney macrophages was only affected by the composite diet (increased) at 5°C. In addition, the phagocytic activity of kidney macrophages in vivo and in vitro was not affected by diet. No effect of diet was observed on transport stress or susceptibility to a bacterial infection with Aeromonas salmonicida. Atlantic salmon therefore seems to tolerate a diet solely based on soybean oil as lipid source, without any detrimental effects on growth, health and immune functions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of Dietary Lipids on Macrophage Function, Stress Susceptibility and Disease Esistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Gjøen¹,

Obach²,

Røsjø

et al. 2004

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…Possibly, differences in n-6 fatty acid intakes could contribute to the lack of consistency among studies on the beneficial effect of dietary ALA in reducing risk of CVD. Our results also clearly raise the possibility that any positive effects of ALA are only realized when the diet is also low in LA (18,45), such as those found in intervention trials incorporating a Mediterranean diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids (13, 20a). In agreement with previous studies, our results show that differing dietary LA-to-ALA ratios do not alter heart total PLA 2 activity (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Cardiac proinflammatory pathways are altered with different dietary n-6 linoleic to n-3 α-linolenic acid ratios in normal, fat-fed pigs

Ghosh

Novak²,

Innis³

2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Although dietary fat has been associated with inflammation and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), most studies have focused on individuals with preexisting diseases. However, the role of dietary fatty acids on inflammatory pathways before the onset of any abnormality may be more relevant for identifying initiating factors and interventions for CVD prevention. We fed young male pigs one of three diets differing in n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) for 30 days. Cardiac membrane phospholipid fatty acids, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isoform activities, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) expression were measured. The low PUFA diet (% energy, 1.2% LA+0.06% ALA) increased arachidonic acid (AA) and decreased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in heart membranes and increased Ca(2+)-independent iPLA(2) activity, COX-2 expression, and activation of 5-LO. Increasing dietary ALA while keeping LA constant (1.4% LA+1.2% ALA) decreased the heart membrane AA, increased EPA, and prevented proinflammatory enzyme activation. However, regardless of high ALA, high dietary LA (11.6% LA and 1.2% ALA) decreased EPA and led to a high heart membrane AA, and Ca(2+)-dependent cPLA(2) with a marked increase in nitrosative stress. Our results suggest that the potential cardiovascular benefit of ALA is achieved only when dietary LA is reduced concomitantly rather than fed with high LA diet. The increased nitrosative stress in the unstressed heart with high dietary LA suggests that biomarkers of nitrosative stress may offer a useful early marker of the effects of dietary fat on oxidative tissue stress.

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“…The TGE macrophages synthesized less PGE2 than reported for resident macrophages [22]. Kunkel and Chensue [7] reported that TGE macrophages stimulated with LPS syn thesized 20-fold less PGE2 than produced by resident macrophages.…”

Section: Pge Y Synthesismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The comparatively low rate of PGE2 synthesis of TGE macrophages compared with resident macrophages [22] suggests that eicosanoid synthesis may be affected by a reduced rate of deacylation of A A from the cell membranes [20] and/or inhibition of cyclooxygenase by n-3 PUFA [ 12], The products of an activated immune system, i.e. interferons, inhibit phos pholipase activity in vitro [23], thus inhib iting AA release.…”

Section: Pge Y Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids Alter Murine Peritoneal Macrophage Cytotoxicity

Je²

1993

Ann Nutr Metab

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Male CD-I mice were fed diets containing 10 wt% fat composed of a constant amount of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; safflower oil, 1.5 wt%) and increasing levels of n-3 PUFA (up to 1.5 wt%); the remaining fat was a 50:50 mixture of tripalmitin and triolein. Four days prior to sacrifice, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with sterile thioglycollate. Peritoneal macrophages were analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids, prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) synthesis and cytotoxicity towards L929 target cells. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA increased macrophage phospholipid n-3 PUFA from 4.4 to 11.0 mol% with a concomitant decline in n-6 PUFA from 15.5 to 10.9 mol%, and PGE₂ synthesis declined from 2.6 to 1.5 pmol/million cells in thioglycollate-elicited macrophages. Macrophage cytotoxicity toward target L929 cells declined by approximately 50% with increasing n-3 PUFA concentration.

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The effect of dietary fish oils on eicosanoid biosynthesis in peritoneal macrophages is influenced by both dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fats and total dietary fat

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Dietary Lipids on Macrophage Function, Stress Susceptibility and Disease Esistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Effect of Dietary Lipids on Macrophage Function, Stress Susceptibility and Disease Esistance in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Cardiac proinflammatory pathways are altered with different dietary n-6 linoleic to n-3 α-linolenic acid ratios in normal, fat-fed pigs

Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids Alter Murine Peritoneal Macrophage Cytotoxicity

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