The effect of dietary fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) supplementation on growth performance, lymphoid organ weight, intestinal morphology, and immunological status in broilers (n=180) challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Birds were randomly assigned into a 3×2 factorial arrangement that included 1) 3 dietary treatments from d one to 21: positive control (PC), wheat-corn-soybean meal based diet contained antibiotics (virginiamycin and monensin); negative control (NC), as PC without antibiotics; and NC+FOS, as NC supplemented with 0.5% FOS, and 2) 2 intraperitoneal injections: 2 mg/kg Salmonella Enteritidis LPS or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) on d 21. Growth performance and relative lymphoid organ weight were not significantly different among the treatments. Villus height, crypt depth, and total mucosa thickness were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the ileum of broiler chickens fed NC+FOS when compared to PC and NC. Birds in NC+FOS treatment had reduced heterophil but increased monocyte count when compared to NC (P<0.05). Significant diet×challenge interaction was observed on natural IgY levels (P<0.0001), and a significant dietary effect was observed on specific IgY levels in chickens fed NC+FOS (P=0.003). Supplementation of FOS also increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1ß, -10, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA in the ileum of the birds. In summary, Salmonella Enteritidis LPS challenge established significant differences in the immune responses in broiler chickens. FOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa thickness and elevated the expressions of certain cytokine genes. It also led to the alteration of leukocyte compositions and serum IgY levels in response to LPS challenge, suggesting FOS supplementation may be effective to induce protective outcomes in gut health and immunity of broiler chickens.

Autolyzed Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation Improves Performance While Modulating the Intestinal Immune-System and Microbiology of Broiler Chickens

“…Yet, FCR of birds fed 0.4% of AY was better (P = 0.04) than birds supplemented with 0.2% of AY or the unsupplemented birds (negative control). Studies have demonstrated the potential use of yeast cell components in the diets of broiler chickens (Zhang et al, 2005;Gao et al, 2008;Shang et al, 2015;Alizadeh et al, 2016). Gao et al (2008) supplemented AY to broiler chickens and did not find difference in the growth performance from d 1 to 21.…”

“…The use of prebiotics, such as whole yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), as well as carbohydrates isolated from its cellular wall (mannan-oligosaccharides-MOS, fructooligosaccharides-FOS, and β-glucans) has been the focus of several studies in poultry (Shanmugasundaram and Selvaraj, 2012;Shao et al, 2013;Shang et al, 2015Shang et al, , 2018Adhikari et al, 2018). Nucleotides, isolated from the cytoplasm of yeast, have also been tested in broiler chickens (Uauy, 1994;Carver and Walker, 1995;Mateo et al, 2004).…”

“…The benefits of supplementing yeast in diets of ruminants relies on the increase of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen, increasing the energy extracted from the diets, and consequently the performance of the animals (Wallace, 1994;Newbold et al, 1995). In broiler chickens, the effects of prebiotics partially rely on blocking receptor sites of pathogen adhesion, immunomodulation, production of antimicrobial molecules by the intestinal microbiota, and shifts in the intestinal microbial structure (Shang et al, 2015(Shang et al, , 2018Adhikari et al, 2018;Suresh et al, 2018). For instance, supplementation of FOS to diets of broilers reduced the amount of potential pathogenic microorganisms, such as Helicobacter and Desulfovibrio, in the ileal mucosa, and increased beneficial members of the family Lachnospiraceae (Shang et al, 2018).…”

Dietary Stevioside Supplementation Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Mucosal Damage through Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects in Broiler Chickens

“…LPS-induced structural damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier was reversed with dietary STE supplementation. It has been reported that natural extract with anti-inflammatory effect can restore the damaged intestinal morphology in LPS-challenged broilers [37,38]. The down-regulation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling and reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines might be one of the reasons that intestinal integrity improved in the LPS + STE group.…”

Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium Cecal Colonisation and Improvement of Intestinal Health in Broilers Supplemented with Fermented Defatted ‘Alperujo’, an Olive Oil By-Product

“…Intestinal mucosa evaluation can provide information on health status in poultry as stressors such as enteric infections may lead to structural modifications [ 6 , 32 , 33 ]. We found similar histopathological features regardless of the age of infection in both the duodenum and cecum of broilers.…”