The Effect of Dietary Mushroom Agaricus bisporus on Intestinal Microbiota Composition and Host Immunological Function

Abstract

A study was designed to determine the potential prebiotic effect of dietary mushrooms on the host immune response, and intestinal microbiota composition and function. Thirty-one six-week-old pigs were fed a pig grower diet alone or supplemented with either three or six servings of freeze-dried white button (WB)-mushrooms for six weeks. Host immune response was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and alveolar macrophages (AM) after stimulation with Salmonella typhymurium-Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Isolated DNA from fecal and proximal colon contents were used for 16S rDNA taxonomic analysis and linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) to determine bacterial abundance and metabolic function. Pigs gained weight with no difference in body composition or intestinal permeability. Feeding mushrooms reduced LPS-induced IL-1β gene expression in AM (P < 0.05) with no change in LPS-stimulated PBMC or the intestinal mucosa transcriptome. LEfSe indicated increases in Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae within the order Clostridiales with a shift in bacterial carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in the mushroom-fed pigs. These results suggested that feeding WB mushrooms significantly reduced the LPS-induced inflammatory response in AM and positively modulated the host microbiota metabolism by increasing the abundance of Clostridiales taxa that are associated with improved intestinal health.

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microbiota Interactions

“…It has also been shown in a mouse model treated with the pathogenic fungus Mucor circinelloides that the abundance of the bacterial genus Bacteroides increases, and the abundance of the bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila decreases in these gastrointestinal tracts [ 131 ]. The administration of mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus ) to pigs significantly reduced the Salmonella typhymurium -Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response at the alveolar macrophage level and positively modulated the metabolism of the pig microbiota by increasing the abundance of Clostridial taxa which are associated with improved intestinal health [ 130 ].…”

Phellinus linteus polysaccharide extract improves insulin resistance by regulating gut microbiota composition

“…42 Succinate produced by Prevotella is converted into propionate by intestinal bacteria, thereby improving individual metabolism. 46 Low levels of SCFA-producing bacteria in diabetic rats are enhanced by PLPE treatment. 34 Other bacteria potentially able to break down polysaccharides to produce SCFAs include Ruminiclostridium-9, 43 Eubacterium_xylanophilum, 44 Anaerotruncus, 45 and Oscillibacter.…”

Macrofungi: A review of cultivation strategies, bioactivity, and application of mushrooms

“…They upregulate several genes associated with host metabolism, alter host physiology, and create an intestinal microenvironment conducive to Akkermansia muciniphila colonization . Research on macrofungus-derived probiotics and prebiotics may also contribute to animal nutrition and health (Giannenas et al, 2011;Solano-Aguilar et al, 2018). The bioactive substances of macrofungi that regulate gut microbiota are mainly HMW polysaccharides and traces of polysaccharide peptides.…”