The effect of dietary n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on HDL cholesterol in Chukot residentsvsmuscovites

Abstract

Native Chukot Peninsula residents, in contrast to Muscovites, consume a diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. This dietary peculiarity is reflected in differences in plasma lipid and apolipoprotein contents. The Chukot residents have lower contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, but higher HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels than do Muscovites. The apolipoprotein A-I levels were identical in both groups. A higher HDL cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I ratio was determined in the coastline Chukot residents (0.52 +/- 0.01) than in Muscovites (0.43 +/- 0.01; p less than 0.01). In contrast to Muscovites, the coastline Chukot residents also had higher n-3 and lower n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid percentages in plasma and erythrocyte lipids, and lower phosphatidylcholine and higher sphingomyelin or phosphatidylethanolamine levels in HDL2b and HDL3. The higher HDL cholesterol levels in the plasma of the coastline Chukot residents appears to reflect the higher cholesterol-scavenging capacity of their HDL. We conclude from this study that the regular consumption of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by the coastline Chukot residents decreased LDL cholesterol transfer from plasma to peripheral cells, and enhanced cholesterol efflux from cellular membranes toward HDL.

Comparative study of hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against induced biochemical perturbations and aberration in erythrocyte membrane fluidity

“…CLA has long been accepted as having hypocholesterolemic effects [6]. Our observation of hypocholesterolemic activity of CLnA isomers has been confirmed by another study with some vegetable oils [8].…”

“…Recent studies showed that linolenic acid derivatives, particularly gammalinolenic acid, were found to be even more potent in reducing blood cholesterol in humans and rats [7]. Those studies revealed that vegetable oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids are able to decrease the plasmatic levels of verylow-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and to increase the plasmatic level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [8,9].…”

Impact of Short-Term Administration of High-Density Lipoproteins and Atorvastatin on Atherosclerosis in Rabbits

“…28 This is consistent with the finding that diet-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of HDL 3 alter its ability to promote cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts in vitro, 29 as well as in vivo. 30 This effect has been proposed to result from an inverse relationship between the fluidity and saturation of the HDL phospholipid acyl chains. 31 Effects of PLPC and DPPC containing rHDL on arterial cell morphology have been reported in a rabbit model in which acute vascular inflammation was induced by insertion of a nonocclusive peri-arterial collar.…”

The GTP-binding regulatory proteins, Gs and G(i), are altered in erythrocyte membranes of patients with ischemic heart disease resulting from coronary atherosclerosis.

“…Testosterone-binding globulin and cortisol-binding globulin were measured as described. 31 Serum lipids were assayed according to Gerasimova et al 32 Protein content was determined by the method of Lowry et al 33 with bovine serum albumin as the standard.…”