The Effect of Dietary Safflower Phospholipid and Soybean Phospholipid on Plasma and Liver Lipids in Rats Fed a Hypercholesterolemic Diet.

Abstract

SummaryThe effect of dietary safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) and soybean phospholipid (Soy-PL) on plasma, liver, and fecal lipids in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet was compared with that of triglyceride mixture (controls). Triglyceride mixture (SP-Oil) of safflower oil and palm oil (8:2) contained almost comparable amounts of linoleic acid to safflower phospholipid or soybean phospholipid. Concentration of total cholesterol in plasma of rats fed the Saf PL and Soy-PL diets were significantly decreased in comparison with that of the SP-Oil diet. Simi larly, both Saf PL and Soy-PL induced a reduction in the concentration of liver cholesterol compared with SP-Oil; Saf PL indicated the lowest value. Saf PL only significantly increased the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The level of chylomicron plus very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol was lower in rats fed the Saf-PL and Soy-PL diets than that of the SP-Oil diet. The activity of plasma lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was increased in rats fed Saf-PL and Soy-PL. Saf PL and Soy-PL caused an enhanced excretion of fecal neutral steroids, but not acidic steroids compared with SP-Oil. These results suggest that, in addition to soybean phospholipid, safflower phospholipid suppresses the elevation of plasma and liver cholesterol and that this effect may be brought about by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine.

Dietary Phospholipid-Dependent Reductions in Gene Expression and Activity of Liver Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis in Fasted-Refed Rats.

“…Conceivably, therefore, phospholipids originating from other origins may be equally effective in decreasing hepatic fatty acid synthesis . The observation that both phospholipids originating from soybean and egg yolk and those originating from mold (6) and safflower seed (7)(8)(9) are also effective in decreasing serum lipid levels in the rat support this possibility, but confirmation remains to be sustained. Polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease the activity and gene expression of enzymes in hepatic fatty acid synthesis more than saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

A Comparative Study of Lipids Extracted from Herring Roe Products and Fish Oil on Plasma Glucose and Adipocytokine Levels in ICR Aged Mice

“…Studies on the detailed lipid composition of fish roe have shown that, in general, they contain large amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), phospholipids (PL), and cholesterol Kaitaranta, 1980;Tocher and Sargent, 1984;Bledsoe et al, 2003). PLs are effective in lowering plasma lipids (Brook et al, 1986;Iwata et al, 1992) and the majority of 22:6 in fish roe lipids is associated with PL; it is a characteristic of fish roe lipids that differs from fish oil. We have previously reported that intake of lipids extracted from salted herring roe products reduces plasma lipid and glucose concentrations in mice .…”

Effect of Dietary Safflower Phospholipid and Soybean Phospholipid on Plasma and Liver Lipids in Rats Fed a Cholesterol-Free Diet.

“…By a previous experiment, we showed that safflower phospholipid (Saf-PL) suppressed the elevation of plasma and liver cholesterol in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet [l0]. We also demonstrated that safflower phospholipid had the advantage of increasing of the level of HDL cholesterol, reducing liver cholesterol, and increasing the excretion of fecal neutral steroids more than soybean phospholipid (Soy-PL) in rats fed such a diet [ 11 ] . However, investigations of whether safflower phospholipid reduces the concentrations of plasma and liver cholesterol in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet have not been carried out.…”