The Effect of Different Dietary Sugars on the Development and Fecundity of Harmonia axyridis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to screen synergistic substances included in existing artificial feeds in order to improve the fertility and survival rate of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), an efficient pest predator. To this end, we analyzed the potential effects of glucose and trehalose on the growth, development, and reproduction of H. axyridis and evaluated the effect of three different artificial feeds on the energy stress of H. axyridis. The artificial diets contained fresh pork liver, honey, sucrose, vitamin C, and royal jelly, which was marked it as Diet1. The glucose was added to diet1, which was marked it as diet2, while adding trehalose to diet1 was marked as diet3. The preoviposition period of H. axyridis on Diet 1 was slower than that of Diet 2 and Diet 3. Additionally, the spawning quantity and incubation rate of insects on Diet 2 and Diet 3 were significantly higher than that of those on Diet 1. Finally, the larval developmental time on Diet 1 was significantly slower than that of Diet 2 and Diet 3. These results indicate that the addition of an appropriate amount of glucose or trehalose may affect positively the growth, development, and reproduction of H. axyridis. In addition, further studies showed that ATP, amino acids and fatty acids content in the H. axyridis also increased after the addition of the synergistic substance. All these results show that proper adjustment of stored energy anabolic and catabolism is important to maintain the metabolic balance of the insect's entire life cycle and the addition of glucose or trehalose has a certain effect on the life indicators of H. axyridis.

What You Eat Matters: Nutrient Inputs Alter the Metabolism and Neuropeptide Expression in Egyptian Cotton Leaf Worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“… Cambron et al (2019) suggested that caterpillars exposed to HFD eat less and might feel “sick” due to consuming high amounts of lipids in the diet, resulting in smaller individuals. Similar to our results on HSD, increased body weight has been reported in larvae and pupa of the predator Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) ( Li et al, 2020 ), adult Drosophila ( Morris et al, 2012 ; Rovenko et al, 2015a ), and the mosquito Ae. aegypti ( van Schoor et al, 2020 ).…”

“…This suggests that decreased food consumption may not be the reason for the coincidental developmental delay. On the other hand, HSDs have been reported to accelerate larval development in Drosophila ( Tatum and Beadle, 1939 ), H. axyridis ( Li et al, 2020 ), and Ae . aegypti ( van Schoor et al, 2020 ) while developmental delays in response to HSD with excessive levels of carbohydrates have been reported ( Rovenko et al, 2015a , b ; van Schoor et al, 2020 ).…”

“…sexta ( Thompson et al, 2003 ), Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) ( Friedman et al, 1991 ), larvae and adults of H . axyridis ( Li et al, 2020 ), nymphs of Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) ( Zanotto et al, 1996 ), and larvae ( Musselman et al, 2011 ; Pasco and Léopold, 2012 ) or adults ( Morris et al, 2012 ; Na et al, 2013 ; Rovenko et al, 2015b ; Rani et al, 2020 ) of Drosophila. On the other hand, high amounts of trehalose in the fifth instar larvae at any diet might be related to the increased energy demand for the upcoming pupal stage.…”

Functional response of Harmonia axyridis preying on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs: the effect of temperature

“…Determining these parameters with respect to phenological stage confirmed poor response by the first three instars as reported earlier 59 , 74 , whereas increased foraging performance by final instar and adult H. axyridis (especially female when compared with male) 24 , 45 , 52 suggesting H. axyridis may provide better biocontrol efficiency at later stages, plausibly owing to better searching efficiencies. The 4th instar requires large meals to attain the required weight for pupation 75 and adult predators have to prepare for reproduction 56 and other functions related to egg maturation or fertilization 76 . Our results of greater predation by the 4th instar and female H. axyridis are supported by previous reports investigating the functional response of coccinellids, namely Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), Harmonia dimidiata (Fab.…”

Effects of Different Nutritional Conditions on the Growth and Reproduction of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)

“…Similarly, Pan et al (2014) fed first instar nymphs of BPH with standard artificial feed and amino acid-deficient artificial feed, and found that the development period was significantly shortened, indicating that growth is accelerated when their diets are poor in amino acids. The larval and pupal stages of Harmonia axyridis were significantly prolonged after feeding with multiple artificial feed formulations ( Li et al, 2020 ). Proteins and carbohydrates are the two most important basic nutrients for insect growth and development, and provide the necessary amino acids and energy for insect growth and development.…”