The effect of different fluxing agents on the sintering of dry pressed porcelain bodies

Abstract

The aim of the article is to find the optimal fluxing agent for porcelain body regarding to the possibility of the lowest firing temperature. Sintering behaviour of dry pressed test samples made from the mixture of kaolin and three different types of industrially milled feldspar rocks, bone ash and quartz sand with similar granulometry as dependence of water absorption on the firing temperature was investigated. The most intensive fluxing agent for the sintering is bone ash-the mixture containing bone ash (20wt.%) showed sintering temperature 1200 • C. That is about 50 • C lower compared with the most intensive feldspar based fluxing agent-potassium feldspar rock containing 75% of pure microcline.

Alternative of bone china and porcelain as ceramic hand molds for rubber latex glove films formation via dipping process

“…The XRD peak patterns of the commercial ceramic hand mold had the five highest peak position at 26.6379 ∘ (100%), 26.3412 ∘ (49.5%), 26.0655 ∘ (36.9%), 20.8538 ∘ (36.4%), and 16.5028 ∘ (28.4%) consistent with the JCPDS nos. 00-046-1045 (SiO 2 ) of hexagonal phase formation and 00-010-0394 (mullite, Al 6 Si 2 O 13 ) of orthorhombic phase formation consistent with the results reported by Sokolář et al [40] and Beketova et al [37]. The XRD peak pattern of the fired porcelain hand mold was consistent with the XRD Sign "x" means no crack and no any effect on ceramic hand mold surface.…”

“…The XRD peak patterns of the raw materials and of the dried and fired molds are shown in Figure 6 consistent with the results reported by Sokolář, et al [40] and Beketova, [37]. The XRD peak patterns of the porcelain clay had the five highest peak positions at 2Θ equal to 6.1894 ∘ (100%), 23 (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 ) in triclinic phase forma-tion consistent with the results reported by Sokolář [40]. The XRD peak patterns of the commercial ceramic hand mold had the five highest peak position at 26.6379 ∘ (100%), 26.3412 ∘ (49.5%), 26.0655 ∘ (36.9%), 20.8538 ∘ (36.4%), and 16.5028 ∘ (28.4%) consistent with the JCPDS nos.…”

Recycling lithium mine tailings in the production of low temperature (700–900 °C) ceramics: Effect of ladle slag and sodium compounds on the processing and final properties

“…In traditional ceramics, the vitrification that generally starts from 900 °C is marked by the melting of some solid phases that binds the remaining solid particles and increases the bonding strength [29][30][31]. The use of fluxing agents helps to enhance sintering or decrease the vitrification temperature [32,33].…”

Spodumene tailings for porcelain and structural materials: Effect of temperature (1050–1200 °C) on the sintering and properties

“…Natural feldspars are valuable raw materials for manufacturing of porcelains (Danezan et al, 2018;Sokolář et al, 2017). Porcelain belongs to ceramics and are attractive materials for their outstanding physical and chemical properties, which allow them to be used in a wide range of applications including household, aeronautic, energy, optics or biomedical domains (Carty and Senapati, n.d.;Danezan et al, 2018;Lerdprom et al, 2016;Soldati et al, 2018).…”

“…Porcelain belongs to ceramics and are attractive materials for their outstanding physical and chemical properties, which allow them to be used in a wide range of applications including household, aeronautic, energy, optics or biomedical domains (Carty and Senapati, n.d.;Danezan et al, 2018;Lerdprom et al, 2016;Soldati et al, 2018). Porcelains are typically made of kaolin clay, feldspar and quartz, usually in the proportion of about 50:25:25 wt% (Owoeye et al, 2018;Sokolář et al, 2017). Of these, clay is acting as plastic component, silica as filler and feldspars as fluxing agents, and the desired properties are defined or optimized by an interplay between raw materials, processing and firing conditions (Danezan et al, 2018;Güngör and Ay, 2018;Owoeye et al, 2018).…”