The effect of different formulations of chlorhexidine in reducing levels of mutans streptococci in the oral cavity: A systematic review of the literature

Ribeiro, Luciana; Hashizume, Lina Naomi; Maltz, Marisa

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2007.01.007

Cited by 89 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…With regard to S. mutans levels, the largest reduction was also observed in group G2 (CHX + XYL) (91.3%), whereas group G3 (CHX) had 85.9%, a value close to that from G1 (XYL) (91.3%). These results support other previous studies 3,26,28 which showed that individuals using chlorhexidine had the best results regarding biofilm reduction compared to those using either fluoride or only xylitol (G4 and G1, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…27 However, at high concentrations, this product seems to affect the cellular content, thus being bactericidal. 8,28 In our study, chlorhexidine was applied in groups G2 (CHX + XYL) and G3 (CHX), showing large reductions in the biofilm levels at different periods of time (p <0.05). In the analysis performed at the end of the study (sixth month), such reductions were 46.9% and 38.9%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Some authors have reported that chlorhexidine plays a relevant role in this reducing process. 4,10,[26][27][28][29]31 However, xylitol also reduces both biofilm and S. mutans levels when added to a patients' diet as a sweetener, thus preventing early development of caries. 11,13,32,33 The results found in the present study corroborate these findings, since groups G1 (XYL) and G2 (CHX + XYL) showed enhanced reduction in biofilm levels in the sixth month compared to other groups (p <0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial effects of the combination of chlorhexidine and xylitol

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial effects of the combination of chlorhexidine and xylitol

et al. 2010

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“…Studies have demonstrated that chlorhexidine, administered frequently enough and in high enough doses, can reduce the Streptococcus mutans bioburden in the mouth. 37 Unfortunately, clinical studies focusing on actual caries reductions have been equivocal.…”

Section: Anti-microbial Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cariogenic dental biofilm: good, bad or just something to control?

Wolff¹,

Larson

2009

Braz. oral res.

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This paper discusses the role of dental biofilm and adjunctive therapies in the management of dental caries. Dental biofilm is a site of bacterial proliferation and growth, in addition to being a location of acid production. It also serves as a reservoir for calcium exchange between the tooth and saliva. The salivary pellicle, a protein-rich biofilm layer, regulates the reaction between tooth surface, saliva and erosive acids. The protective effects of this pellicle on enamel are well established. However, understanding the effects of the pellicle/biofilm interaction in protecting dentin from erosive conditions requires further research. Saliva interacts with the biofilm, and is important in reducing the cariogenic effects of dental plaque as acidogenic bacteria consume fermentable carbohydrates producing acids that may result in tooth demineralization. Adequate supplies of healthy saliva can provide ingredients for successful remineralization. Strategies for managing the cariogenic biofilm are discussed with emphasis on the effectiveness of over-the-counter (OTC) products. However, since many toothpaste components have been altered recently, new clinical trials may be required for true validation of product effectiveness. A new generation of calcium-based remineralizing technologies may offer the ability to reverse the effects of demineralization. Nevertheless, remineralization is a microscopic subsurface phenomenon, and it will not macroscopically replace tooth structure lost in a cavitated lesion. Optimal management of cavitations requires early detection. This, coupled with advances in adhesive restorative materials and microsurgical technique, will allow the tooth to be restored with minimal destruction to nearby healthy tissue

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“…This is because this chemotherapeutic agent is very efficient in reducing the oral levels of some microorganisms, in particular SM, as this bacterium has exceptional sensitivity to this antimicrobial agent [11]. The major advantage of CHX over most other compounds lies on its high oral substantivity [13], due to capacity of this cationic substance to adhere to soft and hard tissues, as well as to bacterial cell walls, allowing the slow release of this antimicrobial agent to the oral cavity [12] Given lack of coordination of mentally handicapped children, CHX gel administrated in individual trays may be a good regimen to control and prevent these patients from caries activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chlorhexidine Gel in Mentally Handicapped Children highly Infected with Streptococcus Mutans

Freitas-Fernandes¹,

Silva²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2015

Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr.

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ERRATUM:The names of the authors of this paper were rectified on August 29, 2016. Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel on mentally handicapped children (n=11) highly infected with Streptococcus mutans (SM) and evaluate the re-colonization time of this bacterium after the treatment period.. Material and Methods: Before CHX treatment, saliva samples were collected to establish baseline saliva SM levels. CHX gel was daily applied for 5 min, for 7 consecutive days. Saliva samples were then collected after 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days to evaluate SM oral recolonization. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test (α=0.05). Results: When compared to baseline (5.7 / 3.0 x 105), the collection performed 7 days after CHX treatment (0.06 / 0.2 x 105) showed a significant reduction (P <0.05) in SM saliva levels (mean / s.d., CFU ml-1). In subsequent collections, a gradual SM re-colonization was observed, and after 60 days of treatment, the levels of this bacterium (0.8 / 0.9 x 105) no longer statistically differed from SM levels considered high risk to caries (105) (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with CHX gel for 7 days was effective in reducing the SM levels of mentally handicapped children and should be repeated after 60 days to control the risk of caries in these children.

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The effect of different formulations of chlorhexidine in reducing levels of mutans streptococci in the oral cavity: A systematic review of the literature

Cited by 89 publications

References 61 publications

Antimicrobial effects of the combination of chlorhexidine and xylitol

Antimicrobial effects of the combination of chlorhexidine and xylitol

The cariogenic dental biofilm: good, bad or just something to control?

Effect of Chlorhexidine Gel in Mentally Handicapped Children highly Infected with Streptococcus Mutans

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