The effect of different insertion techniques on the depth of cure and vickers surface micro-hardness of two bulk-fill resin composite materials

Moharam, Lamiaa-Mahmoud; El-Hoshy, Ahmed-Zohair; Abou-Elenein, Karim

doi:10.4317/jced.53356

Cited by 22 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…11,16 When analyzing light curing conditions on both studies, composite resin samples were exposed for 20 seconds, similar to most included investigations. 14,15,31,33,34,44,45 Nevertheless, in both studies, delivered irradiance was reported between 700 and 800 mW/cm 2 which leads to a total energy dose of 16 J/cm 2 . That may be sufficient to polymerize a 2 mm increment of conventional composite resin 19,55 but it seems to be not enough for BFRCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Overall, from 21 studies that assessed BFRCs microhardness, 10 reported acceptable bottom/top hardness ratios (≥0.8) for all materials whereas 9 studies showed material‐dependent outcomes . Conversely, only 2 investigations revealed non‐acceptable bottom/top hardness ratio (<0.8) for all BFRCs tested .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Only two included reports presented deficient polymerization for all investigated materials . When analyzing light curing conditions on both studies, composite resin samples were exposed for 20 seconds, similar to most included investigations . Nevertheless, in both studies, delivered irradiance was reported between 700 and 800 mW/cm 2 which leads to a total energy dose of 16 J/cm 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review

Lima

Troconis

Moreno

et al. 2018

J Esthet Restor Dent

109

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Objective To evaluate scientific evidence regarding depth of cure of bulk‐fill resin composites (BFRCs) and related factors. Material and Methods PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were accessed from October 2016 to May 2017. Investigations published in English language, assessing depth of cure of BFRCs by microhardness test and/or degree of conversion (DC) were included. Studies using exclusively ISO 4049, employing specimens deepness less than 4 mm, as well as those not reporting exposure time and/or irradiance from light curing units (LCUs) were excluded. Results In total, 742 studies were found from which 33 were included. From 21 studies evaluating BFRCs microhardness, 10 showed acceptable bottom/top ratios (≥0.8) for all tested materials. However, material‐dependent results and non‐satisfactory bottom/top microhardness ratios (<0.8) were reported in 9 and 2 investigations, respectively. From 19 studies that assessed DC, 11 showed acceptable results (≥50%) for all tested BFRCs, while 8 studies reported material‐dependent outcomes. Overall, irradiance from LCUs ranged from 650 to 1330 mW/cm2 and exposure time from 5 to 60 seconds. Favorable depth of cure results were observed with the use of LCUs emitting irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and exposure times ≥20 seconds. Conclusions High depth of cure rates by BFRCs, depends on some factors as material, irradiance and exposure time. Polywave LCUs were useful but not essential on polymerizing alternative photoinitiator‐containing BFRC. Clinical Significance LED curing devices (polywave or monowave) displaying an irradiance ≥1000 mW/cm2 and 20 seconds of exposure time are imperative to accomplish successful polymerization of most BFRCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review

Lima

Troconis

Moreno

et al. 2018

J Esthet Restor Dent

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another study found that bulk fill materials produce a depth of cure that is overestimated with the ISO 4049 method [13]. The research was done on bulk fill particulate resin composite, whether inserted with an incremental technique or bulk, shows that it produces a high depth of cure, using the measuring method of the Vickers hardness ratio [17]. However, little research has been conducted to measure the depth of cure of SFRCs, especially using methods other than ISO 4049.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring the hardness of the top and bottom surfaces of the resin composite can be a good indicator in determining the depth of cure. An adequate depth of cure is attained if the ratio of hardness of the bottom to the top surface is a minimum of 0.80 (80%) [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Curing Distance and Resin Thickness Effects on the Shortfiber–reinforced Resin Composites’ Depth of Cure

et al. 2018

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Objective: This study evaluated the light-curing distance and resin thickness effects on the depth of cure of short fiber-reinforced resin composites (SFRCs). Methods:Fifteen SFRC specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thickness of 4 mm were divided into groups (n=5) with light-curing distances of 0, 2, and 4 mm. Another 15 specimens with a diameter of 6 mm and thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm (n=5) were subjected to a 0-mm light-curing distance. Microhardness tests were conducted using a Vickers hardness tester (load: 200 g; dwell time: 15 s), and the depth of cure was assessed by calculating the hardness ratio of the bottom to the top surface (%). Statistical tests included one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Fisher's LSD tests. Results:The depths of cure with 0-, 2-, and 4-mm light-curing distances were 79.0±0.7%, 77.0±0.6%, and 75.0±0.8%, while those with thicknesses of 3, 4, and 5 mm were 81.0±1.0%, 78.2±1.0%, and 34.4±2.0%, respectively. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the depth of cure were found in all groups. Conclusion:A depth of cure >80% was only attained with a 3-mm resin thickness and 0-mm light-curing distance.

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Combining FDTD and Curing Kinetic Equations to Model the Degree of Conversion Evolution of UV-Curable Systems

Xie

Basu

DeMeter

2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The degree of conversion (DoC) is significantly linked with many material properties of a UV-cured resin. The current curing kinetic models provide insight into how DoC evolves with depth for a pure resin subject to plane wave, light propagation. However, they do not accurately describe how DoC evolves within UV-curable composites or systems in which multidirectional ray propagation and interference are in play. This paper describes a simulation framework for predicting the spatial and temporal eand the propagation is alovolution of DoC within a UV-curable composite. The framework uses Maxwell's laws of electromagnetic theory and a series of finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) simulations to predict light intensity distribution at different reaction time steps. It also uses curing kinetic models and optical property models to predict DoC and optical properties within a volume. The framework was applied to simulate the photoinduced, free-radical polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate/2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (PEGDA/ DMPA)-based composites. It was used to study the influence of the resin refractive index, the filler refractive index, and the filler particle size on the spatial and temporal evolution of DoC. The predictions of DoC evolution were in agreement with both theoretical and experimental results published in the research literature. The simulations also revealed that (1) the change of the resin refractive index during polymerization has a significant impact on both light propagation and DoC within a UV-curable composite, (2) smaller fillers scatter more light than larger fillers, and (3) larger refractive index mismatch between the resin and filler leads to more light scattering and greater light attenuation. In turn, this increases the polymerization rate at shallow depths but decreases it at greater depths.

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The effect of different insertion techniques on the depth of cure and vickers surface micro-hardness of two bulk-fill resin composite materials

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review

Depth of cure of bulk fill resin composites: A systematic review

Light-Curing Distance and Resin Thickness Effects on the Shortfiber–reinforced Resin Composites’ Depth of Cure

Combining FDTD and Curing Kinetic Equations to Model the Degree of Conversion Evolution of UV-Curable Systems

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