There is a strong need to identify the combination of tillage and N fertilization practices that reduce the amount of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions while maintaining crop productivity in dryland Mediterranean areas. We measured the fluxes of N 2 O in two field experiments with 3 and 15 years since their establishment. In the long-term experiment, two types of tillage (NT, notillage, and CT, conventional intensive tillage) and three mineral N fertilization rates (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha Our results showed that in rainfed Mediterranean agroecosystems, the use of NT and pig slurry are effective means of yield-scaled N 2 O emissions reduction.3