“…Besides, shape memory is an ability of SMAs that has two types, that classified into Superelasticity (SE) and shape memory effect (SME) [1][2][3]. Thus, these behaviors have made SMAs be used in wide application areas such as the automotive [4,5], aerospace [6,7], engineering [8], industrial [9], and medical field such as dental, orthopedics, vascular, and neurological [10]. Also, SMAs have two different phases which are known as austenite and martensite with various physical characteristics and crystal structures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”