The Effect of Different Salinity Concentrations on the Embryogenesis Development of the Freshwater African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822

Abstract

Freshwater African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 is a phenomenal catfish that is still highly demanded by the Indonesian people (Suratno & Putra, 2022). The species is wildly cultivated by people in Southeast Asia countries, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam (Muchlisin et al., 2014). Since its introduction in the 1980s, the catfish culture of C. gariepinus, Burchell 1822, is still the most produced species compared to other local catfish species such as C. batrachus and meladerma (Iswanto, 2004). This is because it has faster growth, tolerance to low environmental quality, and disease resistance compared to other local species, which have low growth and are intolerant to pathogens (Weerd