The effect of different sources of mesenchymal stem cells on microglia states

Abstract

Microglial reaction plays a key role in the prognosis of traumatic CNS injuries (TBI and SCI). A growing number of studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in regulating microglial states. This review summarizes the effects and mechanisms of different sources of MSCs on microglial states in the last 5 years. In general, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most accessible and widely used, and can produce immunosuppressive effects on a variety of brain injuries including TBI through tissue engineering in situ implantation; MSCs mainly regulate inflammatory pathways and promote the states of microglia in the anti-inflammatory direction, which also secrete certain cytokines or extracellular vesicles to affect apoptotic pathways, such as the extracellular vesicles miR-21-5p, acting as a neuronal protector.

Spinal Cord Injury Management Based on Microglia-Targeting Therapies

“…NSCs are beneficial for neuronal regeneration by modulating microglial secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibiting microglial proliferation, migration, and phagocytosis by releasing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [79]. Similarly, MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects on microglial activation and promote the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines [80]. Additionally, NSCs have been shown to enhance damage repair by engulfing anti-inflammatory nanoparticles [81].…”

Amniotic Fluid and Placental Membranes as Sources of Stem Cells: Progress and Challenges 2.0

“…Since mounting evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of different sources of stem cells [1][2][3][4] and the derived secretome [5][6][7][8], in recent years, perinatal stem cells have been considered as an alternative and available cell source for biomedical research in vitro [9,10] and in vivo [11], including clinical trials [12][13][14].…”