The effect of differing forage:concentrate ratio and restricting feed intake on the energy and nitrogen utilization by beef cattle

Kirkpatrick, David; Steen, R. W. J.; Unsworth, E.F.

doi:10.1016/s0301-6226(97)00099-7

Cited by 37 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Lovett et al (2003) reported that feeding diets of low forage-to-concentrate ratio to finishing beef cattle is an effective means to reduce CH 4 output per kg of liveweight and per kg of carcass gain, and even improve feed conversion efficiency. However, Kirkpatrick et al (1997) did not find any effect of forage-to-concentrate ratio on the energy retention or CH 4 production of beef cattle. Boadi et al (2004b) reported that CH 4 production (% GEI) was 20% higher in beef steers from a feedlot fed a low forage-to-grain diet than from steers on a high forage-to-grain diet.…”

Section: Addition Of Fatsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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. Considerable evidence of climate change associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has resulted in international efforts to reduce GHG emissions. The agriculture sector contributes about 8% of GHG emissions in Canada mostly through methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The objective of this paper was to compile an integrative review of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from livestock by taking a whole cycle approach from enteric fermentation to manure treatment and storage, and field application of manure. Basic microbial processes that result in CH 4 production in the rumen and hindgut of animals were reviewed. An overview of CH 4 and N 2 O production processes in manure, and controlling factors are presented. Most of the studies conducted in relation to enteric fermentation were in dairy and beef cattle. To date, research has focussed on GHG emissions from the stored manures of dairy, beef cattle and swine; therefore, we focus our review on these. Several methods used to measure GHG emissions from livestock and stored manure were reviewed. A comparison of methods showed that there were agreements between most of the techniques but some systematic differences were also observed. Additional studies with comprehensive comparisons of methodologies are needed in order to allow for comparison of results obtained from studies using contrasting methodologies. The need to standardize measurement methods and reporting to facilitate comparison of results and data integration was identified. Prediction equations are often used to calculate GHG emissions. Various types of mathematical approaches, such as statistical models, mechanistic models and estimates calculated from emission factors, and studies that compare various types of models are discussed herein. A lack of process-based models describing GHG emissions from manure during storage was identified. A brief description of mitigation strategies focussing on recent studies is given. Reduction in CH 4 emissions from ruminants through the addition of fats in diets and the use of more starch was achieved and a transient beneficial effect of ionophores was reported. Grazing management and genetic selection also hold promise. Studies focussed on manure treatment options that have been suggested to reduce gas fluxes from manure storage, composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), diet manipulation, covers and solid-liquid separation, were reviewed. While some of these options have been shown to decrease GHG emissions from stored manure, different studies have obtained conflicting results, and additional research is needed to identify the most promising options. GHG emissions from pasture and croplands after manure application have been the subject of several experimental and modelling studies, but few of these have linked field emissions to diet manipulation or manure treatments. Further work focussing on the entire cycle of GHG formation from feed formulation, animal metabolism, excreta treatment and storage, to field application of manure needs to be conducted. attribua...

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Section: Addition Of Fatsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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“…Examples of metaanalyses focussed on mitigation strategies include Ungerfeld et al (2007), Beauchemin et al (2008), Eugène et al (2008), Grainger and Beauchemin (2011), Jayanegara et al (2011), Patra (2013, Hristov et al (2013a) and the more recent papers by Veneman et al (2016) and Escobar-Bahamondes et al (2017). Ramin and Huhtanen (2013) estimated beef cattle MY as 21.9 g/kg DMI from their meta-analysis of five beef papers (Kirkpatrick et al 1997;Kurihara et al 1999;McGinn 2005, 2006;Beauchemin et al 2007). Our predicted MY value from the data that excluded outliers, which interestingly included some of the papers analysed by Ramin and Huhtanen (2013), was 22.4 g/kg DMI for British cattle breeds, measured in chambers, on a roughage diet in Australia.…”

Section: Other Methane Meta-analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global beef cattle methane emissions: yield prediction by cluster and meta-analyses

Cottle

Eckard

2018

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.Methane yield values (MY; g methane/kg dry-matter intake) in beef cattle reported in the global literature (expanded MitiGate database of methane-mitigation studies) were analysed by cluster and meta-analyses. The Ward and k means cluster analyses included accounting for the categorical effects of methane measurement method, cattle breed type, country or region of study, age and sex of cattle, and proportion of grain in the diet and the standardised continuous variables of number of animals, liveweight and MY. After removal of data from outlier studies, meta-analyses were conducted on subsets of data to produce prediction equations for MY. Removing outliers with absolute studentised residual values of >1, followed by meta-analysis of data accounting for categorical effects, is recommended as a method for predicting MY. The large differences among some countries in MY values were significant but difficult to interpret. On the basis of the datasets available, a single, global MY or percentage of gross energy in feed converted to methane (Y m ) value is not appropriate for use in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) greenhouse accounting methods around the world. Therefore, ideally country-specific MY values should be used in each country's accounts (i.e. an IPCC Tier 2 or 3 approach) from data generated within that country.

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“…The dataset used in the present study was obtained from 108 beef steers in five energy metabolism studies (Kirkpatrick, 1995;Kirkpatrick et al, 1997;Lavery, 1998;Gordon et al, 1999;McIlmoyle et al, 2000) undertaken at the Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, formerly the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland, from 1993 to 1999. The animals used were of various ages (growth to finishing) and LW (364 to 627 kg), and from different breeds (Friesian, Aberdeen Angus, Simmental and Charolais).…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forage used included grass silage, fresh grass, dried grass and fodder beet. Forage offered in the study of Kirkpatrick et al (1997) was either fresh grass, dried grass or grass silage (no mixture of forage given), and in Lavery (1998), fodder beet was used to replace grass silage at a ratio of either 0 or 40% on a DM basis. The grass silages encompassed primary growth and first and second regrowth material.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of methane emission from beef cattle using data measured in indirect open-circuit respiration calorimeters

Yan

Porter

Mayne

2009

Animal

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The objectives of the present study were to examine relationships between methane (CH 4 ) output and animal and dietary factors, and to use these relationships to develop prediction equations for CH 4 emission from beef cattle. The dataset was obtained from 108 growing-to-finishing beef steers in five studies and CH 4 production and energy metabolism data were measured in indirect respiration calorimeter chambers. Dietary forage proportion ranged from 29.5% to 100% (dry matter (DM) basis) and forages included grass silage, fresh grass, dried grass and fodder beet. Linear and multiple regression techniques were used to examine relationships between CH 4 emission and animal and dietary variables, with the effects of experiment or forage type removed. Total CH 4 emission was positively related to live weight (LW), feeding level and intake of feed (DM and organic matter) and energy (gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME)) (P , 0.001), while CH 4 /DM intake (DMI) was negatively related to energy digestibility and ME/GE (P , 0.05 or less). Using LW alone to predict CH 4 emission produced a poor relationship when compared to DMI and GE intake (GEI) (R 2 5 0.26 v. 0.68 and 0.70 respectively). Adding feeding level, dietary NDF concentration and CP/ME or feeding level, energy digestibility and ME/GE to support LW resulted in a R 2 of 0.66 or 0.84. The high R 2 (0.84) was similar to that obtained using DMI or GEI together with energy digestibility and ME/GE as predictors. Further inclusion of dietary forage proportion and ADF and NDF concentration to the multiple relationships using GEI as the primary predictor resulted in a R 2 of 0.87. These equations were evaluated through internal validation, by developing a range of similar new equations from two-thirds of the present data and then validating these new equations with the remaining one-third of data. The validation indicated that addition of energy digestibility and ME/GE to support LW with feeding level, DMI and GEI considerably increased the prediction accuracy. It is concluded that CH 4 emission of beef steers can be accurately predicted from LW plus feeding level, DMI or GEI together with energy digestibility and ME/GE. The dataset was also used to validate a range of prediction equations for CH 4 production of cattle published elsewhere.

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The effect of differing forage:concentrate ratio and restricting feed intake on the energy and nitrogen utilization by beef cattle

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Global beef cattle methane emissions: yield prediction by cluster and meta-analyses

Prediction of methane emission from beef cattle using data measured in indirect open-circuit respiration calorimeters

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