The effect of drought and cultivar on growth parameters, yield and yield components of potato

Abstract

-Four potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) differing in their precocity and contrasted for their drought tolerance were investigated in the field and in the greenhouse (2 cultivars). They were subjected to two water treatments, well-irrigated and droughted. Our objective was to examine which shoot and leaf characters were related to the decrease in tuber yield. Drought reduced tuber yields by 11% in 53%. Drought stress highly reduced the dry mass of leaves in all cases. Tuber number was reduced only in early cultivars whereas in the later cultivars, leaf area index and leaf area duration were more affected than in the early cultivars. The cultivar which maintained its tuber growth rate better under drought during the first three weeks of tuber bulking also maintained its yield better. No clear common reaction of early versus later varieties to drought was found.potato / drought stress / cultivar / agro-physiological parameters Résumé -Effet du stress hydrique et du cultivar sur les paramètres de croissance, le rendement et ses composantes. Quatre variétés de pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) de précocité variable et réputées différentes au niveau de la tolérance à la sécheresse ont été testées, sous deux régimes hydriques (irrigué et stressé) au champ et sous serre. Notre objectif était d'étudier les relations entre l'évolution de différents paramètres de surface foliaire, et de masse (tiges et des tubercules) au cours du cycle et les diminutions de rendement en tubercules. Le stress hydrique a réduit le poids des tubercules de 11à 53 %. Le stress hydrique a fortement réduit la masse sèche foliaire dans tous les cas. Le nombre de tubercules a été réduit uniquement chez les cultivars précoces, tandis que les cultivars tardifs ont plus été affectés au niveau de l'indice foliaire et de sa durée. Les cultivars qui ont mieux maintenu le taux de croissance de leurs tubercules durant les trois premières semaines de remplissage ont également mieux maintenu leurs rendements. Aucune relation précocité -sensibilité au rendement sous stress n'a été observée. pomme de terre / stress hydrique / cultivar / paramètres agro-physiologiques

Drought stress affects physiological parameters but not tuber yield in three Andean potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars

“…This negative effect on growth has been reported for plants including potato (Lahlou et al, 2003;Ierna and Mauromicale, 2006) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (Zegada-Lizarasu and Monti, 2013). However, differences have been observed in the effects caused by drought stress related to morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes among species and cultivars (Tourneux et al, 2003a;Liu et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2006;Graca et al, 2010).…”

“…The decrease in photosynthesis resulting from drought stress reduces growth, affecting parameters such as foliar area, total dry mass, and distribution of photoassimilates within the plants (Chaves et al, 2002;Lahlou et al, 2003). This negative effect on growth has been reported for plants including potato (Lahlou et al, 2003;Ierna and Mauromicale, 2006) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) (Zegada-Lizarasu and Monti, 2013).…”

“…A decrease in the plant water potential (Ψ w ) caused by water deficit, increases the levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in the plants, which induces a stomatal closure as an early response in the defense against stress (Lim et al, 2015). Decreases in stomatal conductance (g s ) reduce water loss through transpiration, but it also decrease carbon dioxide uptake, reducing the production of photoassimilates and, therefore, plant growth (Lahlou et al, 2003;Tourneux et al, 2003a). This decrease in the photosynthetic rate under water deficit conditions has been reported in plants such as potato (Solamun tuberosum L.) (Moorby et al, 1975Schapendonk et al, 1989Ierna and Mauromicale, 2006;Liu et al, 2006;Ramírez et al, 2016).…”

“…Potato plants are very sensitive to drought stress compared to other species (Porter et al, 1999). It has been reported that drought stress considerably decreases yield, making water availability a limiting factor in the production of this crop (Lahlou et al, 2003;Tourneux et al, 2003a;Obidiegwu et al, 2015). In South American countries, potato is cultivated in highly mountainous areas with few or no available water, suggesting that this crop is often subjected to drought stress conditions.…”

The effect of genotype and ecological conditions on the yield components of potatoes

“…1 8 T Higher1 8 T 1 8 T air temperatures1 8 T 1 8 T stimulate1 8 T temperatures exceeding 27 ºC in the 10 cm soil surface layer (the main zone for tuber formation) during the phenophase of tuber bulking, play a key role in the reduction of yields and quality of potato tubers. Tomasiewicz et al (2003) stated that soil water during the stolon formation and tuber initiation significantly affected yields, while Lahlou et al (2003) further stated that drought may reduce tuber yield even by 11 to 53%. The purpose of this research is to determine potato genotypes favourable for high and stable yields under the agroecological conditions in Western Serbia.…”