The effect of drought on the root growth of winter wheat and on its water uptake from a deep loam

Weir, A. H.; Barraclough, P. B.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986.tb00689.x

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The total root production in this study, 20 km/m 2 of length and 110 g/m 2 of dry matter, was at the lower end of the range of values obtained in our earlier field studies (Barraclough & Leigh, 1984). Welbank et al (1974) reported large reductions in barley root growth as a result of shading, and reductions in shoot growth were also encountered in our earlier, fixed-shelter experiment (Weir & Barraclough, 1986). In order to assess the effects of shading by the shelter on crop growth in this study, plots outside the shelter were sampled at anthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effects of a compacted subsoil layer on root and shoot growth, water use and nutrient uptake of winter wheat

1988

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Avalon winter wheat was grown in 1983 on a light-textured, sandy loam (Cottenham series) which had a subsoil pan with a maximum dry bulk density of 1-8 g/cm 3 at 35 cm depth. This was destroyed on part of the site with a 'Wye Double Digger' so that crop growth in panned and pan-free soils could be compared. The interaction of the pan with soil water supply was studied by sheltering the crops during May, June and July and either withholding water completely or irrigating weekly back to field capacity.The pan had a major effect on the vertical extension rate of the root system as monitored both by coring and from observation tubes. Roots were largely confined above the pan until March, but compensatory growth occurred within this soil layer and the total length of root was unaffected. At anthesis, roots had reached a maximum depth of 100 cm in the panned soil compared with 140 cm in the pan-free soil.Early shoot growth and N content were substantially reduced by the pan because of the inaccessibility of mineral N in the subsoil. However, both the growth of the crop and N uptake recovered following top dressings of N fertilizer and, when water was not limiting, the pan had a negligible effect on grain yield.Root and shoot growth were reduced by the fixed shelter, but the imposed drought did not affect water use by the crops until after anthesis when the root systems were already fully developed. Without irrigation, the crop growing on the double-dug soil yielded 5% more than that growing on the panned soil, but there was no evidence for extra water use from the subsoil by the former crop. The best treatment (double-dug with irrigation) outyielded the worst (panned soil with drought) by 8%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Effects of a compacted subsoil layer on root and shoot growth, water use and nutrient uptake of winter wheat

1988

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“…Water is not only made available through physical processes (capillary rise), but also through physiological ones: when plants have exhausted the readily available moisture in the top soil, deeper roots are used (Zencich et al, 2002), and vertical roots grow deeper (Canadell et al, 1996;Weir and Barraclough, 1986;Teuling et al, 2006) and more quickly (Zeng et al, 2013). Because plants adapt to spatial variability in moisture content, water uptake and its vertical distribution depend primarily on the availability of moisture in the whole root zone (Jarvis, 1989).…”

Section: Shallow Groundwater and Plant Water Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The activation of drainpipes in September is indicated by increasing nitrate concentrations and overland flow during peaks by decreasing chloride and nitrate concentrations and increasing phosphorus concentrations. The contribution of preferential flow and macropore flow can be considerable and needs to be accounted for in the model structure (Beven and Germann, 1982;Weiler and McDonnell, 2004;Hansen et al, 2013). Drainpipes can be viewed as man-made macropores (Herrmann and Duncker, 2008) and account for a large fraction (up to 80 %) of drainage in lowlands ( Turunen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Wetness-dependent Flow Routesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS): a lumped rainfall–runoff model for catchments with shallow groundwater

et al. 2014

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Abstract. We present the Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS), a novel rainfall-runoff model to fill the gap between complex, spatially distributed models which are often used in lowland catchments and simple, parametric (conceptual) models which have mostly been developed for sloping catchments. WALRUS explicitly accounts for processes that are important in lowland areas, notably (1) groundwater-unsaturated zone coupling, (2) wetnessdependent flow routes, (3) groundwater-surface water feedbacks and (4) seepage and surface water supply. WALRUS consists of a coupled groundwater-vadose zone reservoir, a quickflow reservoir and a surface water reservoir. WALRUS is suitable for operational use because it is computationally efficient and numerically stable (achieved with a flexible time step approach). In the open source model code default relations have been implemented, leaving only four parameters which require calibration. For research purposes, these defaults can easily be changed. Numerical experiments show that the implemented feedbacks have the desired effect on the system variables.

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“…The frequency of drought will increase as a consequence of climate change and this will reduce root growth (Weir and Barraclough 1986;Asseng et al 1998;Buljovcic and Engels 2001). The decline may be most marked in the surface layers of soil although there may be proliferation of roots in the moist subsoil (Asseng et al 1998).…”

Section: Root Growth and Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nutrient Use Efficiency

McDonald

Bovill

Huang

et al. 2013

Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops

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Much of the recent gains in global crop production have been underpinned by greater use of fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, and continued improvements in plant nutrition will be needed to meet the increasing demands for food and fiber from a growing world population. Climate change presents many challenges to improvements in nutrient use efficiency by its direct effects on the growth and yield of plants, and hence on nutrient demand, and by its influence on soil nutrient cycling, nutrient availability, and uptake. However, the consequences of climate change on plant nutrition are difficult to predict because of the complexity of the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Empirical data suggests that enhanced as well as reduced nutrient availability and uptake may occur as a result of climate change, depending on the nutrient in question and the component of the climate that changes. Notwithstanding the uncertainty of the effects of climate change on soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient uptake, improvements in nutrient use efficiency will be required to sustain productivity into the future.Over significant areas of the world's arable land, high inputs of nutrients have increased soil nutrient reserves and fertilizer use efficiency is low, while in other

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The effect of drought on the root growth of winter wheat and on its water uptake from a deep loam

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of a compacted subsoil layer on root and shoot growth, water use and nutrient uptake of winter wheat

Effects of a compacted subsoil layer on root and shoot growth, water use and nutrient uptake of winter wheat

The Wageningen Lowland Runoff Simulator (WALRUS): a lumped rainfall–runoff model for catchments with shallow groundwater

Nutrient Use Efficiency

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