The Effect of Early Diet on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) in Three High-Risk Breeds

Sallander, Marie; Adolfsson, Josefina; Bergvall, Kerstin; Hedhammar, Åke; Nødtvedt, Ane

doi:10.2174/1874372200903010073

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…During the early and late postnatal periods, there were significant negative associations between the NPMD and incidence of IBD for the same dogs later in life. These findings are in accordance with several studies, which stated that a raw meat-based diet stimulated the growth of a balanced gut microbiome in healthy dogs which improved their gut function in comparison to dogs fed an extruded dry food (28,30,36,67). Our observations are in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis, which states that the more microbial exposures in the early life, the more developed immune system in adulthood (22,23).…”

Section: Modifiable Exposures and How They Related To Owner Reported Ibdsupporting

confidence: 93%

Early Life Modifiable Exposures and Their Association With Owner Reported Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms in Adult Dogs

et al. 2021

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Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic multifactorial disease in humans and dogs, usually assigned to the interactions between genes, gut microbiota, diet, environment, and the immune system. We aimed to investigate the modifiable early life exposures associated with IBD in dogs.Materials and Methods: The study data was extracted from the validated owner-reported DogRisk food frequency questionnaire. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study that tested 21 different early life dietary and environmental, demographic and genetic variables for their association with IBD or not, in adult dogs. A total of 7,015 dogs participated in this study. The study covered early life periods; prenatal, neonatal, early, and late postnatal periods. Two feeding patterns, a non-processed meat-based diet (NPMD) and an ultra-processed carbohydrate-based diet (UPCD) were studied. Data was analyzed using logistic regression analysis with a backward stepwise deletion.Results: From the final models we found that the NPMD during early and late postnatal periods were significantly associated with lower IBD risk later in life. The UPCD during the same periods was associated with a higher risk of IBD incidence. Also, the maternal diet during the neonatal period showed a non-significant trend of lower IBD risk in the offspring with the NPMD and a higher IBD risk with the UPCD. Additionally, the normal body weight of puppies during the first 6 months of age was associated with a lower risk of IBD in adulthood while, slim puppies associated significantly with IBD in adulthood. From the non-modifiable background variables, we identified the maternal history of IBD as the strongest risk factor for later incidence of IBD. Furthermore, male dogs were twice as likely to develop IBD as female dogs were.Conclusions: It is reassuring for owners to know that they themselves can have an impact on their dog's health. A high-fat, low-carbohydrate NPMD exposure during early life, and a normal body condition in puppyhood were significantly associated with less IBD in adult dogs. The opposite was true for UPCD exposure and abnormal body condition score in 6 month old puppies.

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Section: Modifiable Exposures and How They Related To Owner Reported Ibdsupporting

confidence: 93%

Early Life Modifiable Exposures and Their Association With Owner Reported Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms in Adult Dogs

et al. 2021

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“…These findings support our previous observation that the consumption of a nonprocessed meat‐based diet during puppyhood may protect against AD in dogs later in life 11 . Interestingly, in an epidemiological study on 106 dogs, Sallander et al 26 found that feeding puppies noncommercial homemade diets that included minced beef from 2 to 6 months of age was significantly associated with a higher risk of CAD incidence, but this was true only if the dam was not fed homemade diets including meat, egg and milk products during lactation. When the dam was fed what the authors called noncommercial animal products during lactation, there was no difference in AD risk for the offspring, regardless if puppies were fed meat or not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…When the dam was fed what the authors called noncommercial animal products during lactation, there was no difference in AD risk for the offspring, regardless if puppies were fed meat or not. 26 The previous study highlights the importance of the diet of the dam, especially among high‐risk breeds for CAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Puppyhood diet as a factor in the development of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs in adult dogs in Finland

Hemida

Salin

Vuori

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background The increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs necessitates research in its disease etiology. Objectives To explore the association between puppyhood dietary exposures and prevalence of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs (AASS) after the age of 1 year. Animals Four thousand and twenty‐two dogs were eligible, 1158 cases, and 2864 controls. Methods This cross‐sectional hypothesis‐driven observational study was extracted from the DogRisk food frequency questionnaire. Forty‐six food items and the ratio of 4 major diet types were tested for their association with AASS incidence later in life. Potential puppyhood dietary risk factors for AASS incidence were specified using binary multivariable logistic regression. The model was adjusted for age and sex. Results Eating raw tripe (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals OR, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.16‐0.79; P = .01), raw organ meats (OR, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.08‐0.67; P = .007), human meal leftovers, and fish oil supplements as well as eating more that 20% of the diet as raw and/or <80% of the diet as dry, in general, were associated with significantly lower AASS incidence in adulthood. In contrast, dogs fed fruits (OR, 95% CI = 2.01, 1.31‐3.07; P = .001), mixed‐oil supplements, dried animal parts, and dogs that drank from puddles showed significantly higher AASS incidence in adulthood. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Puppyhood exposure to raw animal‐based foods might have a protective influence on AASS incidence in adulthood, while puppyhood exposure to mixed oils, heat processed foods and sugary fruits might be a potential risk factor of AASS incidence later. The study suggests a causal relationship but does not prove it.

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“…On the other hand, the NPMD is highly palatable, the proteins and fats are highly digestible, it reduces blood triglycerides, maintains fecal quality and serum chemistry, and modifies the fecal microbiota community in adult dogs [80]. Moreover, eating a NPMD provides a variety of microbes when compared to eating UPCD, as the latter one is heat processed, which consequently kills the bacteria, making it sterile [40]. There is an indication that the transmission of microbiota from the intrauterine environment to the fetus may occur during pregnancy which seems to have a better impact on offspring future health [81].…”

Section: Prenatal Modifiable Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in humans, recent studies have shown that maternal diet during lactation has an effect on the development of allergies in canines [40,41]. The impact of the diet on human and canine health is not only tied to their macro-or micronutrient content but also to the processing; whether the food items are consumed as raw / non-processed or as ultra-processed diets, or mixes of them, as described in the NOVA guidelines [42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of modifiable pre- and postnatal dietary and environmental exposures associated with owner-reported canine atopic dermatitis in Finland using a web-based questionnaire

Hemida¹,

Vuori²,

Salin³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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A cross-sectional hypothesis generating study was performed to investigate modifiable exposures such as whether feeding pattern (a non-processed meat based diet, NPMD, or an ultra-processed carbohydrate based diet, UPCD), certain environmental factors and their timing of exposure might be associated with the development of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Also, genetic and demographic factors were tested for associations with CAD. The data was collected from the validated internet-based DogRisk food frequency questionnaire in Finland. A total of 2236 dogs were eligible for the study (the owners reported 406 cases and 1830 controls). Our main interest was to analyze modifiable early risk factors of CAD, focusing on nutritional and environmental factors. We tested four early life periods; prenatal, neonatal, early postnatal and late postnatal periods. Twenty-two variables were tested for associations with CAD using logistic regression analysis. From the final models we identified novel dietary associations with CAD: the NPMD during the prenatal and early postnatal periods had a significant negative association with the incidence of CAD in adult dogs (age above 1 year). Oppositely, UPCD was associated with a significantly higher risk for CAD incidence. Other variables that were associated with a significantly lower risk for CAD were maternal deworming during pregnancy, sunlight exposure during early postnatal period, normal body condition score during the early postnatal period, the puppy being born within the same family that it would stay in, and spending time on a dirt or grass surface from 2 to 6 months. Also, the genetic factors regarding maternal history of CAD, allergy-prone breeds and more than 50% white-colored coat all showed a significant positive association with CAD incidence in agreement with previous findings. Although no causality can be established, feeding NPMD early in life seemed to be protective against CAD, while UPCD could be considered a risk factor. Prospective intervention studies are needed to establish the causal effects of the protective role of NPMD on prevalence of CAD during the fetal and early postnatal life.

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The Effect of Early Diet on Canine Atopic Dermatitis (CAD) in Three High-Risk Breeds

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Early Life Modifiable Exposures and Their Association With Owner Reported Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms in Adult Dogs

Early Life Modifiable Exposures and Their Association With Owner Reported Inflammatory Bowel Disease Symptoms in Adult Dogs

Puppyhood diet as a factor in the development of owner‐reported allergy/atopy skin signs in adult dogs in Finland

Identification of modifiable pre- and postnatal dietary and environmental exposures associated with owner-reported canine atopic dermatitis in Finland using a web-based questionnaire

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