The effect of eccentric exercise on position sense and joint reaction angle of the lower limbs

Paschalis, Vassilis; Nikolaidis, Michalis G.; Giakas, Giannis; Jamurtas, Athanasios Z.; Pappas, Aggelos; Koutedakis, Yiannis

doi:10.1002/mus.20723

Cited by 78 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Secondly, the effect of eccentric training might lead to increased tensile strength and tendon hypertrophy. Thirdly, the effect of the stretching component of the eccentric training may have a significant influence on the elastic characteristics of the tendon (Paschalis et al, 2007). In previous studies, Nelson (2006) reported that eccentric training (gain=9.48°) through a full range of motion improved hamstring flexibility better then the gains made by a static stretch group (gain=5.05°) or a control group (gain=-1.08°), and our findings corroborate this.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of the Duration of Maintained Calf Muscle Flexibility After Static Stretching, Eccentric Training on Stable Surface, and Eccentric Training on Unstable Surfaces in Young Adults With Calf Muscle Tightness

Jang¹,

Kim²,

Jang³

2014

Physical Therapy Korea

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1)The objective of this study was to determine the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility gained in young adults with calf muscle tightness, as measured by increases in ankle active and passive dorsiflexion range of motion (DFROM) after three stretching interventions. Twenty subjects (5 men and 15 women) with calf muscle tightness received the following three stretching interventions in one leg (assigned at random): static stretching (SS), eccentric training on stable surface (ETS), and eccentric training on unstable surfaces (ETU). The subjects received all three interventions to the same leg, applied in a random order. Each intervention had a break of at least 24 h in-between, in order to minimize any carryover effect. Each intervention used two types of stretching: with the calf muscle stretched and both knees straight, and with the knee slightly bent in order to maximize the activation of the soleus muscle. All three interventions were performed for 200 seconds. We measured the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility through active and passive ankle DFROM before intervention, immediately after intervention (time 0), and then 3, 6, 9, 15, and 30 min after intervention. We found a difference in the duration of maintained calf muscle flexibility between the three interventions. In the ETS and ETU interventions, a significant improvement in calf muscle flexibility, both ankle active and passive dorsiflexion ranges of motion (ADFROM and PDFROM), was maintained for 30 min. In the SS intervention, however, ADFROM before 9 min and PDFROM before 6 min were statistically different from the baseline. Our results suggest that ETS and ETU may be more effective than SS for maintaining calf muscle flexibility in young adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Comparison of the Duration of Maintained Calf Muscle Flexibility After Static Stretching, Eccentric Training on Stable Surface, and Eccentric Training on Unstable Surfaces in Young Adults With Calf Muscle Tightness

Jang¹,

Kim²,

Jang³

2014

Physical Therapy Korea

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“…Additionally, walking is the preferred mode of exercise for many people, including hikers, backpackers, and the elderly population. Previous studies revealed significant impairments in position sense of the lower limbs following eccentric exercise of the knee extensors or flexors (Paschalis et al 2007b(Paschalis et al , 2008Torres et al 2010). Since adequate proprioception is essential for capable and safe human movement, it is possible that impairments in position sense and/or mechanical changes caused by muscle damage and delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) may lead to perturbations in everyday activities, such as walking and increase the risk of more severe musculoskeletal injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics are speed-dependent

et al. 2010

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of muscle damage on walking biomechanics at different speeds. Seventeen young women completed a muscle damage protocol of 5 × 15 maximal eccentric actions of the knee extensors and flexors of both legs at 60°/s. Lower body kinematics and swing-phase kinetics were assessed on a horizontal treadmill pre- and 48 h post-muscle damaging exercise at four walking speeds. Evaluated muscle damage indices included isometric torque, delayed onset muscle soreness, and serum creatine kinase. All muscle damage indices changed significantly after exercise, indicating muscle injury. Kinematic results indicated that post-exercise knee joint was significantly more flexed (31-260%) during stance-phase and knee range of motion was reduced at certain phases of the gait cycle at all speeds. Walking post-exercise at the two lower speeds revealed a more extended knee joint (3.1-3.6%) during the swing-phase, but no differences were found between pre- and post-exercise conditions at the two higher speeds. As speed increased, maximum dorsiflexion angle during stance-phase significantly decreased pre-exercise (5.7-11.8%), but remained unaltered post-exercise across all speeds (p > 0.05). Moreover, post-exercise maximum hip extension decreased (3.6-18.8%), pelvic tilt increased (5.5-10.6%), and tempo-spatial differences were found across all speeds (p < 0.05). Limited effects of muscle damage were observed regarding swing-phase kinetics. In conclusion, walking biomechanics following muscle damage are affected differently at relatively higher walking speeds, especially with respect to knee and ankle joint motion. The importance of speed in evaluating walking biomechanics following muscle damage is highlighted.

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“…Per opposition to pre-participation warm-up exercises, high intensity exercise inducing muscle fatigue is associated with reduction of muscle force, joint range of motion and joint stability, and with clumsiness in movements demanding high levels of accuracy (Brockett, Warren, Gregory, Morgan, & Proske, 1997;Howell, Chleboun, & Conatser, 1993;Paschalis, et al, 2007;Proske, et al, 2003;Saxton, et al, 1995). Fatigue is defined as an exercise-induced reduction in the ability of a muscle to generate force or power due to peripheral and/or central factors, related with an increase in perceived exertion, which can be defined as the intensity of subjective effort, strain, discomfort or fatigue sensation that one feels during exercise (Gandevia, 2001).…”

Section: Exercise-induced Muscle Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatigue is defined as an exercise-induced reduction in the ability of a muscle to generate force or power due to peripheral and/or central factors, related with an increase in perceived exertion, which can be defined as the intensity of subjective effort, strain, discomfort or fatigue sensation that one feels during exercise (Gandevia, 2001). The effects of exercise-induced muscle fatigue on joint proprioception have been extensively investigated in the last decades (Allen & Proske, 2006;Brockett, et al, 1997;Carpenter, et al, 1998;Forestier & Bonnetblanc, 2006;Forestier, Teasdale, & Nougier, 2002;Givoni, Pham, Allen, & Proske, 2007;Ju, Wang, & Cheng, 2010;Lattanzio, Petrella, Sproule, & Fowler, 1997;Lee, Liau, Cheng, Tan, & Shih, 2003;Miura, et al, 2004;Myers, Guskiewicz, Schneider, & Prentice, 1999;Paschalis, et al, 2008;Paschalis, et al, 2007;Ribeiro, Santos, Gonçalves, & Oliveira, 2008;Ribeiro, Venâncio, Quintas, & Oliveira, 2011;Saxton, et al, 1995;Skinner, et al, 1986;Torres, et al, 2010;Tripp, et al, 2004;Vila-Cha, et al, 2011;Walsh, Hesse, Morgan, & Proske, 2004) (Table 4). The majority of studies investigating the effects of exercise-induced fatigue on proprioception have been conducted in the knee joint.…”

Section: Exercise-induced Muscle Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%