The effect of educational intervention based on the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap smear test at Iranian health centers

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the effect of educational intervention using the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap test at health centers. METHODOLOGY: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 women who were allocated into two groups (intervention = 60 and control = 60). The sampling method was a multistage cluster. The training was provided in two sessions for 90 min. Data gathering tool was a 4-part researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, health belief model structures, and function. Women were evaluated and completed the questionnaire in two stages (before and 2 months after training). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, linear regression, Mann–Whitney U-test, Fisher, Chi-square, and marginal homogeneity tests. RESULTS: At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean of knowledge and the structures of health belief model scores. The average scores of participants in terms of health belief model structures were increased significantly after the training sessions. Furthermore, the comparison of the performance of Pap smear before training showed that in the intervention group (23.3%) and in the control group (31.7%), there was no significant difference in terms of the history of performing the Pap smear test ( P = 0.414). However, a significant difference ( P = 0.001) was observed after training in the intervention group (31.7%) and in the control group (3.3%). CONCLUSION: Educational intervention using the health belief model is effective in increasing knowledge, attitude, and function of women in terms of providing useful and required education.

Impact of virtual education based on health belief model on cervical cancer screening behavior in middle‐aged women: A quasi‐experimental study

“…The overall findings of this study were in line with several previous studies 11,27,30,31 . although there was a notable distinction in the methodology.…”

The effectiveness of a model-based health education program on genital warts preventive behaviors: a quasi-experimental study

“…This difference, however, was significant after the intervention. Similarly, a number of other studies showed that educational interventions could change women and girls’ perceived susceptibility to pap smear screening and HPV infection [ 45 – 47 ]. Contrary to our findings, an educational intervention was not effective in changing perceived susceptibility in another study [ 48 ].…”

Willingness to Receive Periodic Health Examination Based on the Health Belief Model Among the Elderly in Rural China: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…It has been commonly applied to address public health problems for risk reduction, prevention, and community health promotion. 18 Behavioral intentions of receiving PHE (hereafter, BIE) and their determinants were measured using the eight domains of EHBM. According to this theory, individuals adopt certain preventive behaviors when they perceive themselves as susceptible to a disease or health problem (perceived susceptibility), perceive severity of the disease (perceived severity), perceive benefits of adopting a health behavior (perceived benefits), believe that the benefits of the behavior outweigh the costs (perceived barriers), have confidence in their ability to perform the action successfully (perceived self-efficacy), have health knowledge and social support, and there are factors that promote individuals to adopt such behaviors (cues to action).…”