The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: A review of the spark plasma sintering method

Munir, Zuhair A.; Anselmi‐Tamburini, Umberto; Ohyanagi, Manshi

doi:10.1007/s10853-006-6555-2

Cited by 2,085 publications

(1,172 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Whereas Munir et al 13) and Quach et al 14) observed no pressure effect on grain growth for cubic zirconia, Bakshi et al 15) observed an increase in grain size with increasing pressure for TaC. In the present study for alumina, however, both phenomena appeared: the negligible pressure effect on grain growth at low temperature (1100°C) and the significant pressure effect of accelerating grain growth at high temperature (1200°C).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 64%

High-pressure spark plasma sintering of MgO-doped transparent alumina

Kim

Hiraga

Grasso

et al. 2012

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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Transparent alumina doped with MgO is fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) under high pressures. An optimum sintering condition explored by changing the combination of the applied pressure and sintering temperature led to an in-line transmission close to the maximum reported for alumina in earlier studies. The effects of pressure on both grain size and transmission are strongly dependent on the sintering temperature: negligible effect at low temperatures and significant effect at high temperatures.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 64%

High-pressure spark plasma sintering of MgO-doped transparent alumina

Kim

Hiraga

Grasso

et al. 2012

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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“…According to the open literature [1,2], the ECAS technology was pioneered by Duval d'Adrian [3] in 1922. However, the present review attributes to Bloxam [4,5] in 1906 the first patent on pure direct current (dc) resistance sintering (RS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS): a review of patents 1906–2008

Grasso

Sakka

Maizza

2009

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

402

231

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The electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS) is an ever growing class of versatile techniques for sintering particulate materials. Despite the tremendous advances over the last two decades in ECASed materials and products there is a lack of comprehensive reviews on ECAS apparatuses and methods. This paper fills the gap by tracing the progress of ECAS technology from 1906 to 2008 and surveys 642 ECAS patents published over more than a century. It is found that the ECAS technology was pioneered by Bloxam (1906 GB Patent No. 9020) who developed the first resistive sintering apparatus. The patents were searched by keywords or by cross-links and were withdrawn from the Japanese Patent Office (342 patents), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (175 patents), the Chinese State Intellectual Property Office of P.R.C. (69 patents) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (12 patents). A subset of 119 (out of 642) ECAS patents on methods and apparatuses was selected and described in detail with respect to their fundamental concepts, physical principles and importance in either present ECAS apparatuses or future ECAS technologies for enhancing efficiency, reliability, repeatability, controllability and productivity. The paper is divided into two parts, the first deals with the basic concepts, features and definitions of basic ECAS and the second analyzes the auxiliary devices/peripherals. The basic ECAS is classified with reference to discharge time (fast and ultrafast ECAS). The fundamental principles and definitions of ECAS are outlined in accordance with the scientific and patent literature.

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“…non-thermal) effect of the applied pulsed electric current or a result of the higher heating rate achievable by SPS through the Joule effect. Consequently, the explanations given for the above-mentioned advantages of SPS relative to HP typically 'fall short of scientific adequacy' [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, some of the beneficial effects of the pulsed electric current applied in SPS apparatuses are typically accepted 'almost as a matter of faith' [3]. In addition, the role of the electric current, which markedly distinguishes the SPS of electrically conducting and insulating powder, has been largely ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the role of the electric current, which markedly distinguishes the SPS of electrically conducting and insulating powder, has been largely ignored. Therefore, it is not surprising that despite the large number of SPS publications (>1600) and interpretations of its mechanism (see, for example [3][4][5]), the effect of the electric current has not yet been unambiguously clarified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodology to investigate the intrinsic effect of the pulsed electric current during the spark plasma sintering of electrically conductive powders

Locci

Cincotti

Todde

et al. 2010

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Cao (2010) A methodology to investigate the intrinsic effect of the pulsed electric current during the spark plasma sintering of electrically conductive powders, Science Abstract A novel methodology is proposed for investigating the effect of the pulsed electric current during the spark plasma sintering (SPS) of electrically conductive powders without potential misinterpretation of experimental results. First, ensemble configurations (geometry, size and material of the powder sample, die, plunger and spacers) are identified where the electric current is forced to flow only through either the sample or the die, so that the sample is heated either through the Joule effect or by thermal conduction, respectively. These ensemble configurations are selected using a recently proposed mathematical model of an SPS apparatus, which, once suitably modified, makes it possible to carry out detailed electrical and thermal analysis. Next, SPS experiments are conducted using the ensemble configurations theoretically identified. Using aluminum powders as a case study, we find that the temporal profiles of sample shrinkage, which indicate densification behavior, as well as the final density of the sample are clearly different when the electric current flows only through the sample or through the die containing it, whereas the temperature cycle and mechanical load are the same in both cases.Keywords:electriccurrent,Jouleeffect,modeling,sparkplasmasintering

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The effect of electric field and pressure on the synthesis and consolidation of materials: A review of the spark plasma sintering method

Cited by 2,085 publications

References 119 publications

High-pressure spark plasma sintering of MgO-doped transparent alumina

High-pressure spark plasma sintering of MgO-doped transparent alumina

Electric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS): a review of patents 1906–2008

A methodology to investigate the intrinsic effect of the pulsed electric current during the spark plasma sintering of electrically conductive powders

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